discourse

Halliday and Matthiessen do define theme as the point of departure for the message.

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The theme is often the subject, but not always. it can be other elements like adverbials or objects (especially in marked themes).

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The theme is not necessarily repeated exactly in the next clause. Thematic progression can involve repetition, variation, or new elements.

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Declarative clauses can have unmarked themes (e.g., the subject) or marked themes (e.g., adjuncts or objects placed at the front).

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Interrogative sentences do have themes, and typically the auxiliary verb + subject or the wh-word acts as the theme.

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In imperative clauses, the theme usually starts with the verb or action, which is natural for giving commands.

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Elliptical themes occur when parts of a sentence are omitted because they're already understood in context—common in spoken language.

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• Anticipatory "it" clauses are considered interpersonal themes, not experiential ones.

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A hypertheme is a clause or complex clause that acts as the theme of a whole paragraph, setting its overall topic.

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Using only unmarked themes can make writing monotonous. Variation (including marked themes) adds depth and maturity.

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