G10_T4_AY2024/2025_Biology (Enzymes)

What are enzymes?

What is meant by 'biological' in biological catalysts?

• Operates in living organisms

• Essential for life

• Speeds up chemical reaction

• Non artificially-made, organic

What is meant by 'catalysts' in biological catalysts?

• Speed up chemical reactions without being unused, fully charged

• Speed up only metabolic reactions without being used up or charged

• Speed up chemical reactions without being used up or charged

• Speed up non-chemical reactions without being used up or charged

Why are enzymes essential for life?

• • Nearly every real/organic reaction in living cells is controlled by enzymes

• They are fully used up for biological acceleration of reactions

• They act as globular protein and biological catalysts

• Nearly every metabolic reaction in living cells is enzyme-controlled

What are metabolic reactions?

• Chemicala reactions that move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration across a bilayer

• Chemical reactions in living organisms that makes molecules from simple to more chemically complex, non-polar and toxic.

• Chemical reactions that are catalysed by substrates to be used up to form chemically stable, permeable, polar and less toxic products

• Chemical process in living systems that transforms molecules to maake them more chemically stable, permeable, polar, and less toxic

What is an example of an intracellular enzyme activity?

• Enzymes in Nerve impulses (Na⁺/K⁺ pump)

• Enzymes in Respiration

• • Hydrolytic Enzymes in Secretion of hormones (ex. insulin)

• Digestive Enzymes in Pathogens

What is an example of an extracellular enzyme activity?

• All Digestive Enzymes in the Gut

• All Mitochondrial Enzymes for Breakdown of Nutrients to Synthesize ATP

• All Chloroplast Enzymes in Photosynthesis

• All of the above

What does it mean by enzyme's active site 'specificity'?

• Substrate's shape is adjusted to be complementary to specific enzyme

• Enzyme's active site is complementary to their specific substrate

• Enzyme's active site is slightly adjusted to be complementary to specific substrate

• Substrate's shape is complementary to the enzyme's active site

What determines the active site's 'specificity'?

• Enzyme's tertiary structure

• Enzyme's original shape for substrate

• Enzyme's sequence of amino acids

• Enzyme's primary form

What is enzyme-substrate complex?

• Temporary structure formed when the substrate exists from the enzyme's active site.

• Temporary structure formed when the product binds to the enzyme’s active site.

• Temporary structure formed when the substrate binds to the enzyme's passive site.

• Temporary structure formed when the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site.