APUSH Period 1 Overview

Maize Cultivation

• farming; supported large Native populations in Americas

• a method of irrigation used in desert regions

• a type of livestock farming

• a technique for growing fruits in tropical climates

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

• uprising against Spanish in present-day New Mexico

• a treaty signed between Native Americans and Spanish

• a battle fought between French and Spanish forces

• a cultural festival celebrated by Pueblo tribes

Impact of European diseases on Natives

• population decline among indigenous peoples

• increase in trade with Europeans

• strengthening of indigenous cultures

• improvement in health care systems

Comparison: Native American societies pre- and post-contact

• diverse, complex; Post-contact: disrupted, depopulated

• uniform and simple; Post-contact: thriving and expanding

• isolated and stagnant; Post-contact: unchanged

• homogeneous and primitive; Post-contact: modernized and developed

Cause: Spanish conquest of Aztecs

• weapons, alliances, disease weakened Aztecs

• superior numbers of Aztecs

• lack of resources among the Aztecs

• Aztec internal conflicts

Planning: How did Native alliances affect European colonization?

• They had no impact on European colonization.

• They used alliances to resist or support European powers.

• They solely supported Native independence.

• They encouraged European nations to fight among themselves.

Reasoning: Why did the Pueblo Revolt succeed temporarily?

• Native resistance, Spanish preoccupation, harsh rule

• Spanish military strength and resources

• Pueblo alliances with other tribes

• Lack of Spanish interest in the region

Bartolomé de Las Casas

• A Spanish explorer who discovered America

• A priest who advocated for Native American rights

• A famous painter of the Renaissance

• A military leader during the Spanish conquest

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

• Dividing New World between Spain and Portugal

• Establishing trade routes in Asia

• Creating alliances with indigenous tribes

• Dividing Africa between European powers

Strategic impact of the Columbian Exchange

• global diets, economies, and population growth

• increased trade routes and maritime exploration

• decline of indigenous populations

• establishment of colonial empires