Biology Keystone Review

A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example?

• growth

• energy use

• organization

• homeostasis

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Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms?

• It is assembled by bonding individual atoms.

• It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

• It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule.

• It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound.

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Which two statements correctly describe one similarity and one difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

1. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both involve water.

2. Cellular respiration uses sugar, and photosynthesis produces sugar.

3. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both use light to produce energy.

4. Cellular respiration requires light energy, and photosynthesis requires chemical energy.

• 1 and 4

• 1 and 2

• 2 and 3

• 3 and 4

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Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating?

• The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination

• The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration

• . The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments

• The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

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Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

Molecule #1. made mostly of carbon with two nonpolar chains & a polar head ; main component of cell membrane

Molecule #2. polar molecule made of repeating units of sugar bonded to a phosphate & a nitrogenous base; stores genetic information

• molecule 1: lipid molecule; molecule 2: nucleic acid

• molecule 1: lipid molecule; molecule 2: protein

• molecule 1: carbohydrate; molecule 2 nucleic acid

• molecule 1; carbohydrate; molecule 2 protein

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?

• more lipids would be digested

• fewer lipids would be digested

• the production of lipase molecules would increase

• the production of lipase molecules would decrease

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport?

• Only active transport requires ATP.

• Only active transport moves small particles.

• Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane.

• Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell.

All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis?

• Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide.

• Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide.

• Temperature is regulated by sweating.

• Water content is regulated by sweating.

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A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

• Both processes produce carbon dioxide.

• Both processes require energy directly from the Sun.

• Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

• Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

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Which statement correctly describes how nitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere?

• Soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
• Decomposers directly convert ammonium into nitrogen gas
• Plants assimilate nitrites and convert them into nitrogen gas
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

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