ERM: LESSON 2 (ORG)

Developed irrigation systems and built granaries to store surplus crops for times of scarcity. 

(a)  

Diversification of crops, building levees to protect against Nile floods.

(a)  

Lords offered protection in exchange for loyalty and labor from peasants. 

(a)  

Feudal System - (a)   offered protection in exchange for loyalty and labor from peasants.

Feudal System -Lords offered (a)   in exchange for loyalty and labor from peasants.

Feudal System -Lords offered protection in exchange for loyalty and labor from (a)   .

Guilds emerged as associations of craftsmen and merchants, providing mutual aid, apprenticeship training, and regulating quality standards

(a)  

Insurance companies began offering policies to protect against risks such as fire, marine accidents, and premature death.

(a)  

 This period marked the beginning of formal workplace safety standards. 

(a)  

Development of Risk Assessment techniques such as Value at Risk models, to measure and mitigate financial risk in investment portfolios and banking operations

(a)