Diagramming the Replication Fork

Which of the following features would you need to diagram and label on a DNA replication fork, including the polarity (5' and 3' ends) of the strands, the leading and lagging strands, the direction of DNA synthesis, the origin of replication, and Okazaki fragments, indicating which is the most recent?

• Polarity of strands, leading and lagging strands, direction of DNA synthesis, origin of replication, Okazaki fragments

• Only the leading and lagging strands

• Only the 5' and 3' ends

• Only the origin of replication

Which of the following provides one specific example of how gene expression can be regulated or the genome can be manipulated in the nucleus, and one specific example of how this can occur in the cytoplasm?

• DNA methylation in the nucleus; mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm

• Protein folding in the nucleus; DNA replication in the cytoplasm

• Transcription in the cytoplasm; translation in the nucleus

• RNA splicing in the cytoplasm; histone modification in the nucleus

Given a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and a genetic code table, the process for determining the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes involves:

• Translating the mRNA sequence into codons and using the genetic code table to find the corresponding amino acids.

• Transcribing the mRNA back into DNA and matching it with tRNA molecules.

• Breaking down the mRNA into nucleotides and sequencing them.

• Using the mRNA sequence to directly synthesize carbohydrates.

Explain the relationship between a codon on an mRNA molecule and the anticodon on a tRNA molecule, including how to determine one given the other.

• A codon and an anticodon are identical sequences.

• A codon and an anticodon are complementary and antiparallel to each other.

• A codon and an anticodon are unrelated sequences.

• A codon and an anticodon are both found on mRNA.

The sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is derived from which strand of the double-stranded DNA gene sequence, and how does it relate to the coding and template strands?

• It is identical to the template strand except T is replaced by U.

• It is complementary to the coding strand and identical to the template strand.

• It is complementary to the template strand and identical to the coding strand (except T is replaced by U).

• It is identical to both the coding and template strands.

If the target sequence or restriction site is ^5'GCTTCG^3', what is the complementary sequence read in the 3'-5' direction?

• CGAAGC

• GCTTCG

• CGUUCG

• GCUUCG

What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication, and how does it ensure the accuracy of the newly synthesized DNA strand?

• DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA helix and joins Okazaki fragments.

• DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides and proofreads to correct errors.

• DNA polymerase synthesizes RNA primers and corrects errors in the DNA strand.

• DNA polymerase removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.

Which of the following processes occurs in the nucleus and involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

• DNA replication

• RNA splicing

• Transcription

• Translation

During translation, what is the function of the ribosome in relation to mRNA and tRNA?

• The ribosome synthesizes mRNA and transfers it to the nucleus.

• The ribosome binds to mRNA and facilitates the pairing of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons.

• The ribosome degrades mRNA after protein synthesis is complete.

• The ribosome modifies tRNA molecules to match mRNA codons.

Which RNA is the transcript from DNA template?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA