Quiz on Logic and Methodology

What are the two types of logic mentioned in the text?

• Deductive and Inductive

• Formal and Informal

• Abductive and Heuristic

• Analytical and Synthetic

What is the conclusion in a logical argument?

• A statement that contradicts the premise

• A statement derived from the premises

• A statement that is always true

• A statement that supports the premise

Which of the following is a characteristic of deductive logic?

• It is based on personal observations

• If the premises are sound, the conclusion must be true

• The conclusion may not be true

• It requires only one premise

What does inductive logic rely on?

• Formal structures of reasoning

• A guaranteed conclusion

• Generalizations from specific instances

• At least two premises

What is abductive reasoning also known as?

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

• Inference to the best explanation

• Trial and error

Which of the following is an example of a formal fallacy?

• Please don’t punish my son.

• Ali supports more funding for the sports club.

• All men must die. Ali is a man. Ali will not die.

• I broke up with my girlfriend because she was seeing another guy.

What is a characteristic of heuristic reasoning?

• It is based solely on deductive logic

• It follows strict rules

• It is exploratory and flexible

• It guarantees a solution

What type of fallacy involves personal attacks on the individual making the argument?

• Ad Hominem Fallacy

• Hasty Generalisation

• Strawman Fallacy

• Red Herring

What does the term 'non sequitur' refer to?

• A conclusion that follows logically from the premises

• A conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises

• A type of inductive reasoning

• A method of trial and error

Which fallacy occurs when an irrelevant topic is introduced to distract the audience?

• Red Herring

• Post hoc ergo propter hoc

• Strawman Fallacy

• Appeal to Authority