National End-of-Year Test

Katie is making a model to illustrate the functions of ADP and ATP in photosynthesis. Which model best illustrates the role of ATP in photosynthesis?

• A power plant that generates energy

• A rechargeable battery that stores and releases energy

• A pigment that receives the energy of sunlight

• A pan that carries coal

• A hammer that helps break apart water molecules

During photosynthesis, how is the light energy that strikes the cell transformed into the chemical energy stored in sugars?

• Energy is transferred directly to sugars, with no intermediates.

• Energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates such as H2O, O2, and CO2

• Energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates, such as ATP and NADPH.

• Energy is transferred to sugars through intermediates, such as chloroplasts.

• Energy is transferred to sugars through light-dependent reactions.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Which statement accurately describes the role of the light-independent reactions?

• Transforming light energy into chemical energy

• Transferring chemical energy to high-energy sugars

• Returning chemical energy to light energy

• Transferring light energy among different compounds

• Performing chemical reactions without an energy source

Which of the following describe the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?

• Storage of carbon in the atmosphere

• Storage of carbon in the geosphere

• Transfer of carbon from the hydrosphere to the atmosphere

• Transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the hydrosphere

• Transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

Plants use the sugars produced by photosynthesis to synthesize which of the following types of biomolecules?
I. complex carbohydrates

II. amino acids

III. lipids

• (B) II only

• III only

• (A) I only

• I and II only

• I, II, and III

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

Photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy. What best describes the role of molecular oxygen (O2) in this process?

• an essential reactant that is used to make sugars

• an optional reactant; its presence speeds up the process

• the main product that stores chemical energy for use by the organism

• a byproduct that is released into the atmosphere

• an intermediate that is neither a reactant nor product

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that is rare in nature. A compound nicknamed “heavy water” has identical chemical properties as normal water, but its molecules use deuterium instead of the more common hydrogen isotope. In a science experiment, Professor Byron adds heavy water to the soil of a growing plant. The plant takes up and uses heavy water in the same way it would take up normal water. After several days, the professor looks for deuterium in the plant and in the gases that the plant releases. Which is the MOST likely result of the experiment?

• Deuterium is part of plant sugars in leaves, but no other compounds in the plant.

• Deuterium is part of plant sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other compounds throughout the plant.

• Deuterium is in the gases that the plant releases, but not in any plant tissues.

• Deuterium is in the plant roots, but not elsewhere in the plant.

• Deuterium remains in the soil, but not in any plant tissues or gases that the plant releases.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What best describes the role of water molecules in photosynthesis?

• Water molecules are a structural component of chloroplasts; they absorb light and pass the energy to chlorophyll.

• Water molecules are an intermediate of photosynthesis, and are part of the electron transport chain.

• Water molecules are an input of photosynthesis; they split apart and supply electrons to chlorophyll.

• Water molecules are an output of photosynthesis; they are released at the end of the electron transport chain.

• Water molecules are an intermediate of photosynthesis, and take part in the Calvin cycle.

The diagram, when labels are added, shows the reactants and energy source for

photosynthesis, and one of its products. The diagram also shows interactions among the

biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.

Where would a label for oxygen be MOST useful to add to the diagram?

• on the arrows pointing into the leaves

• on the arrows pointing out of the leaves

• on the arrows pointing into the roots

• on a line pointing to the interior of the stem

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The diagram shows the structure of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?

• an input of energy as both phosphate groups detach

• a release of energy as one phosphate group detaches

• a release of energy as a third phosphate group is attached

• an input of energy to attach a third phosphate group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7