KTCC

In the private goods market, the market demand curve is determined by:

• A. Vertical addition of individual demand curves
  
  

• B. Horizontal addition of individual demand curves
  
  

• C. Averaging individual demand curves
  
  

• D. Subtracting supply from individual demand

For pure public goods, the principle of vertical addition is used to determine:

• A. Supply curve
  
  

• B. Total government spending
  
  

• C. Social demand curve
  
  

• D. Optimal tax rate

The Bowen-Lindahl-Samuelson condition states that public spending is optimal when:

• A. MRT = MRS of each individual
  
  

• B. MRT = sum of individual MRSs
  
  

• C. MRT = average cost
  
  

• D. MRS = total marginal cost

Public expenditure can address market failures through:

• A. Investment in infrastructure, healthcare, and education
  
  

• B. Reducing defense spending
  
  

• C. Supporting export enterprises
  
  

• D. Lowering personal income tax

The income effect of public expenditure is reflected in:

• A. Increasing money supply
  
  

• B. Altering income distribution by supporting vulnerable groups
  
  

• C. Increasing unemployment
  
  

• D. Lowering exchange rates

Public expenditure efficiency decreases when:

• A. The share of pure public goods increases
  
  

• B. Government invests in technology
  
  

• C. The share of impure public goods increases
  
  

• D. Tax rates decrease

According to the principle of fiscal decentralization, local public goods should be provided by:

• A. Central government
  
  

• B. Private sector
  
  

• C. Local government
  
  

• D. State-owned enterprises

The main difference between national and local public goods is:

• A. Degree of competitiveness
  
  

• B. Scale of impact
  
  

• C. Storability
  
  

• D. Pricing

To determine priority among public expenditure projects, which method is used?

• A. Opportunity cost analysis
  
  

• B. Break-even analysis
  
  

• C. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
  
  

• D. SWOT analysis

According to Vietnam's State Budget Law 83/2015/QH13, one of the mandatory expenditures of the central budget is:

• A. Urban waste management
  
  

• B. Investment in commune-level projects
  
  

• C. National defense and security (excluding the local share)
  
  

• D. Tuition support for district-level students