L.S.1.5 - Protein Synthesis

How is the code of life written into the DNA molecule of a frog?

• along the outside of the helix

• when the RNA copies the DNA

• in the sugar-phosphate backbone

• in the nitrogen base-pair sequence

There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. What can be inferred from this statement?

• All organisms contain the same nucleotides in their DNA, so all proteins will also be the same.

• All organisms contain the same 64 codons, so mutations affect all organisms the same way.

• Mutations change the genetic code, but it is still possible to have the same protein that gets assembled.

• There are approximately 64 different ways to bond amino acids together. This, in turn, makes the large variety of proteins found in organisms.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How is the normal genetic base sequence for hemoglobin different from the sickle cell sequence for hemoglobin?

• There is no difference.

• There is one base change in the first codon.

• There is one base change in the second codon.

• There is a base change in the first and second codon.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Below is an mRNA strand sequence: UAG CCA GAU From which strand of DNA was this mRNA strand transcribed?

• ATC GGT CTA

• AUC GGU CUA

• ATC GGU CTA

• AAG CCA GAT

Which molecules are found in equal proportions in mammalian DNA samples?

• uracil and cytosine

• thymine and adenine

• guanine and uracil

• cytosine and adenine

A mutation occurs in a DNA sequence. Which molecule will most likely be affected?

• lipid

• protein

• starch

• sugar

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which factor most directly affects the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• the sequence of DNA transcribed

• the type of amino acids found in the cytoplasm

• the type of cell in which the protein is made

• the region of the cell in which the protein is made

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the DNA strand TAC–GGT–AAG–CTC?

• Isoleucine–Glycine–Serine–Glutamine

• Methionine–Glycine–Lysine–Phenylalanine

• Alanine–Proline–Phenylalanine–Glutamate

• Methionine–Proline–Phenylalanine–Glutamate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which best explains the role of DNA as an important information carrier for cells?

• DNA codes for simple sugars. Simple sugars link to form carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are structural components of cell membranes.

• DNA codes for glycerol. Glycerol and fatty acids link to make lipids. Lipids are important chemical messengers between cells.

• DNA codes for amino acids. Amino acids link to form proteins. Proteins may be structural or functional within the cell.

• DNA codes for nucleotides. Nucleotides link to form RNA. RNA is an important energy producer for cells.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which statement correctly describes the nitrogenous bases found in the nucleic acids of all organisms?

• All cells use A, T, C, and G bases in their DNA and RNA.

• All cells use A, T, C, and G bases in their DNA, and A, U, C, and G bases in their RNA.

• Animal cells have A, T, C, and G bases in their DNA and plant cells have A, T, C, and U bases in their DNA.

• Eukaryotic cells use A, T, C, and G bases in their DNA, and prokaryotic cells use A, T, C, and U bases in their DNA.