AP PSYCH - UNIT 5 (1)

Epigenetics

• The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression.

• The process by which DNA is replicated in cells.

• The study of how genes are inherited from parents to offspring.

• The analysis of protein structures and their functions.

Rumination

• Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes.

• A method of meditation focused on mindfulness.

• A technique for problem-solving through brainstorming.

• A state of deep reflection and contemplation.

Coping

• Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

• Ignoring stressors and hoping they go away.

• Engaging in physical exercise to distract from stress.

• Avoiding responsibilities to reduce pressure.

Medical model

• The concept that diseases, including psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

• A theory that emphasizes the role of social and environmental factors in health.

• An approach that focuses solely on the psychological aspects of mental health.

• A model that suggests all diseases are a result of genetic predisposition.

Psychoneuroimmunology

• The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health.

• A branch of psychology that focuses solely on mental disorders.

• The examination of how diet influences psychological well-being.

• The analysis of social behaviors in relation to immune responses.

Broaden-and-build theory

• Proposes that positive emotions broaden our awareness, which helps us build skills and resilience that improve well-being.

• Suggests that negative emotions enhance our focus and decision-making abilities.

• Indicates that emotions have no impact on our cognitive processes.

• Claims that only negative emotions can lead to personal growth.

Problem-focused coping

• Attempting to alleviate stress directly – by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

• Avoiding the stressor and focusing on emotional responses.

• Seeking social support to manage stress.

• Engaging in relaxation techniques to cope with stress.

Health psychology

• A subfield of psychology that explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness.

• A branch of medicine focused solely on physical health.

• A study of how economic factors influence health outcomes.

• A field that examines the genetic basis of health and disease.

Mindfulness meditation

• A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.

• A technique to improve memory retention through repetition.

• A method of relaxation that involves deep breathing and visualization.

• A form of exercise that focuses on physical strength and flexibility.

Self-control

• The ability to act on impulse without thinking.

• The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards.

• The ability to ignore all emotions and feelings.

• The ability to make decisions without any consideration for future consequences.