Proactive vs Retroactive Interference

According to interference theory, what is proactive interference?

• When a memory is distorted or blocked

• When a memory is forgotten over time

• When an older memory moves forward to interfere with a newer one

• When a newer memory moves backward to interfere with an older one

What did McGeoch and McDonald's study show about the effect of the similarity of information on interference?

• Interference becomes more likely the more similar the information is

• Interference only occurs with meaningful information

• Interference has no relation to the similarity of information

• Interference becomes more likely the less similar the information is

What did Baddeley and Hitch's study with rugby players reveal about interference and forgetting?

• Interference has no effect on forgetting

• Forgetting is not related to the number of games played

• Interference is a better explanation of forgetting than the mere passage of time

• Interference is not a better explanation of forgetting than the mere passage of time

What is the main difference between proactive and retroactive interference?

• There is no difference between proactive and retroactive interference

• Proactive interference occurs when a newer memory moves backward to interfere with an older one, while retroactive interference occurs when an older memory moves forward to interfere with a newer one

• Proactive interference occurs when an older memory moves forward to interfere with a newer one, while retroactive interference occurs when a newer memory moves backward to interfere with an older one

• Proactive interference only occurs with meaningful information, while retroactive interference occurs with meaningless information

Adolfo is trying to remember his high school chemistry teacher's name, but all he can think of is the name of his current college chemistry professor. What is causing Adolfo’s memory problem?

• Proactive interference

• Retroactive interference

• Anterograde amnesia

• Retrograde amnesia

In the animated film Finding Nemo, the fish named Dory suffers from severe memory loss. Although Dory is able to remember her past well, she is unable to transfer new information from STM to LTM and as such cannot form new memories. What caused Dory’s memory problem?

• Proactive interference

• Retroactive interference

• Anterograde amnesia

• Retrograde amnesia

Secret agent Jason Bourne suffered a major loss of memory after a severe physical injury. He forgot his past and what occurred before he was hurt. What caused Jason Bourne’s memory problem?

• Proactive interference

• Retroactive interference

• Anterograde amnesia

• Retrograde amnesia

Used an old pin or password by mistake?

• Proactive

• Retroactive

Pressing the wrong button when playing again on the Switch, because you have just been playing Xbox and pressing A is at the bottom on Xbox (not side!)

• Proactive

• Retroactive

Told someone the post code of an old address by accident?

• Proactive

• Retroactive