Population Dynamics

Which of the following best describes how immigration affects the population size of a species in a given area?

• Immigration increases the population size by adding new individuals.

• Immigration decreases the population size by removing individuals.

• Immigration has no effect on population size.

• Immigration only affects the birth rate, not the population size.

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A freshwater lake has a high concentration of dissolved oxygen and low salinity. Which type of organism is most likely to thrive in this environment?

• Saltwater fish

• Freshwater fish

• Desert plants

• Marine mammals

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Which of the following is an example of a biotic limiting factor that can affect the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

• Amount of sunlight

• Number of predators

• Soil pH

• Temperature

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How does the depth of water in an aquatic system generally affect the distribution of photosynthetic organisms?

• Photosynthetic organisms are more abundant at greater depths.

• Photosynthetic organisms are evenly distributed at all depths.

• Photosynthetic organisms are more abundant near the surface where light is available.

• Depth has no effect on photosynthetic organisms.

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Which of the following best explains what happens to an ecosystem during primary succession?

• Existing plants are replaced by new animal species.

• Soil forms as pioneer species colonize bare rock, leading to the development of a stable community.

• The ecosystem remains unchanged over time.

• Only animal populations change, not plant populations.

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A population of deer in a forest increases rapidly, but then levels off and remains stable. Which factor most likely caused the population to stabilize?

• Unlimited food supply

• Reaching the carrying capacity of the environment

• Increased birth rate

• Decreased death rate

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Which factor is most likely to limit the distribution of coral reefs in the ocean?

• High salinity and warm temperatures

• Low light and cold temperatures

• High nutrient levels and deep water

• Low salinity and shallow water

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During a particularly cold winter, a forest ecosystem experiences a significant decrease in insect populations. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this seasonal variation?

• Increase in bird populations that feed on insects

• Decrease in bird populations that feed on insects

• No change in bird populations

• Increase in plant populations

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A scientist observes that a lake has become more acidic over time. How might this change in chemistry affect the distribution of aquatic life in the lake?

• All species will thrive equally.

• Species sensitive to pH changes may decrease in number or disappear.

• Only plant species will be affected.

• The acidity will have no effect on aquatic life.

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Given a population of rabbits in a meadow, explain how an increase in the number of foxes (predators) could impact the rabbit population over time.

• The rabbit population will increase due to more food.

• The rabbit population will decrease as more are eaten by foxes.

• The rabbit population will remain unchanged.

• The rabbit population will only be affected if the number of plants decreases.

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