Class Activity

Which of the following criteria is least relevant when selecting a language for a safety-critical embedded system?

• Reliability

• Efficiency

• Readability

• Writability

Which of the following language criteria are directly related to runtime behavior? (Select two)

• Portability

• Efficiency

• Reliability

• Writability

Answer explanation

Explanation: Efficiency refers to runtime performance; reliability involves behavior under various runtime conditions.

Rearrange the stages of the compilation process in the correct order:

1. Code Generation

• 2. Lexical Analysis

• 3. Intermediate Code Generation

• 4. Optimization

• 5. Semantic Analysis

• Code Generation

• Intermediate Code Generation

• Optimization

• Lexical Analysis

• Semantic Analysis

Language X is highly readable but has poor reliability. Language Y has moderate readability and high reliability.

Which is more suitable for a financial transaction system?

• Language X

• Language Y

Answer explanation

Reliability is crucial in financial systems to avoid unexpected crashes or incorrect behavior.

Match the feature with how it improves writability and reliability in a programming language.​ ​ ​

Strong type inference - (a)  

Real-time error hints - (b)  

• Improves Efficiency
• Improves portability
• Improves Writability
• Improves Reliability

Draw a parse tree using the Backus-Naur Form (BNF) grammar for the following expression:
(a + b) * (c + d)

Assume standard operator precedence and associativity: parentheses first, then addition, then multiplication.

Answer explanation

*

/ \

+ +

/ \ / \

a b c d

Organize these characteristics into the correct semantic timing category.
Drag each item to either Static or Dynamic Semantic.

Groups:

(a) Static Semantic

,

(b) Dynamic Semantic

• Use of types and naming rules

• Checked at compile-time

• Affects runtime behavior

• Use of undeclared variables

• Type checking

• Evaluated during execution

Which of the following is NOT typically identified as a token during lexical analysis?

• Identifier

• Comment

• Keyword

• Operator

Classify the following tokens into their correct lexical categories.

Numeric Literals

• String Literals

• Arithmetic Operators

• Keywords

Groups:

(a) Numeric Literals

,

(b) String Literals

,

(c) Arithmetic Operators

,

(d) Keywords

• 42

• +

• 0.001

• while

• "Name"

• else

• "false"

• *

• -

• true

Organize the following items based on their correct token category in a programming language.

Categories:

• Identifiers

• Operators

• Literals

• Keywords

Groups:

(a) Identifiers

,

(b) Operators

,

(c) Literals

,

(d) Keywords

• sum

• int

• 5.0

• +

• return

• if

• =

• myVar

• "Hello"

• result