Introduction to Computing Technology

What does ICT stand for?

Answer explanation

ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It encompasses all technologies used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, and audio-visual processing and transmission systems.

What is a computer?

• An electronic device that processes data

• A type of software

• A peripheral device

Answer explanation

A computer is defined as an electronic device that processes data, distinguishing it from software and peripheral devices, which serve different functions.

What are the core elements of a computer?

• Central processing unit, power supply, motherboard

• Monitor, keyboard, mouse

• Printer, scanner, hard drive

Answer explanation

The core elements of a computer include the central processing unit (CPU), which processes instructions, the motherboard that connects all components, and the power supply that provides electricity to the system.

What is data?

• A collection of organized facts

• A collection of un-organized facts

• A type of software

Answer explanation

Data refers to a collection of un-organized facts. Unlike organized facts, which are structured and easily interpretable, un-organized facts lack structure, making them raw data that requires processing to derive meaning.

What is the cycle of input, process, output, and storage called?

Answer explanation

The cycle of input, process, output, and storage is called the Information Processing Cycle. It describes how data is collected, transformed into information, outputted, and stored for future use.

What is the first generation of computers characterized by?

• Use of vacuum tubes

• Use of transistors

• Use of integrated circuits

Answer explanation

The first generation of computers, from the 1940s to the early 1950s, is characterized by the use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, making 'Use of vacuum tubes' the correct choice.

What replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers?

Answer explanation

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, allowing for smaller, more efficient, and reliable machines. This advancement significantly improved processing speed and reduced power consumption.

What was a key characteristic of third generation computers?

• Use of integrated circuits

• Use of vacuum tubes

• Use of transistors

Answer explanation

Third generation computers were characterized by the use of integrated circuits, which allowed for greater efficiency and miniaturization compared to earlier generations that used vacuum tubes and transistors.

What are the characteristics of fourth generation computers?

Answer explanation

Fourth generation computers are characterized by microprocessors, increased speed, and efficiency. They support high-level programming languages and have advanced features like networking and graphical user interfaces.

What technology is the fifth generation of computers based on?

Answer explanation

The fifth generation of computers is based on artificial intelligence and advanced computing technologies, focusing on knowledge processing and natural language understanding.