Energy Review

Two bowling balls are rolling down two bowling lanes. The white ball is traveling at a speed of 14 miles per hour. The black ball is traveling at 12 miles per hour. Which statement explains the energy demonstrated in this example?

• The black ball has more energy than the white ball.

• The white ball has more energy than the black ball.

• The black ball has a greater ability to create energy than the white ball.

• The white ball has a greater ability to create energy than the black ball.

Jasmine's town relies on energy from wind to power lights in her school. Her friend Jose lives in another town that does not have a lot of wind. He doesn’t understand how wind can make the lights stay on in her school. Which of the following is the best explanation Jasmine can provide to Jose about how this works?

• Motion energy is converted to thermal energy.

• Motion energy is transferred to solar energy and then to electrical energy.

• Motion energy is created by solar energy.

• Motion energy is converted into electrical energy.

Mona lives in Arizona where it is sunny for many days of the year. Her family drives a car that is powered only by the sun. Which of the following are benefits of driving a solar car versus one that runs only on fossil fuels? Select all that apply.

• Solar energy produces less pollution than fossil fuels.

• Solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

• Solar energy is a non-renewable source of energy.

• Solar energy is more expensive than fossil fuels.

The diagram below shows a solar cooker that uses energy from the sun to heat food. Desmond was given the solar cooker shown above. It takes 50 minutes to cook food when placed in direct sunlight. He wants to test variations of this design to find one that can cook the food faster. He changed one variable at a time to test a variety of designs. He also noted the cost that was necessary to make each change. The data are in the table below. Design | Variable Changed | Time to Cook Food | Cost of Change 1 | Remove from direct sunlight | 120 minutes | $0 2 | Bottom lining is black | 40 minutes | $1.00 3 | Remove insulation | 70 minutes | $0 4 | Reflector is black | 150 minutes | $2.00 Part A —Based on Desmond’s criteria, which design should he choose?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Part B — The answer was chosen because:

• Choose Me!

• It is the most popular choice.

A science student is using a solar cooker to investigate how energy moves from one place to another.

• Heat energy moves from the box to the sun.

• Light energy moves from the food to the sun.

• Light energy moves from the reflector to the sun.

• Heat energy moves from the dark bowl to the food.

The image above shows a blender mixing ingredients for a milkshake. Which of the following best explains the energy in this example?

• Electrical energy is transferred from the surrounding air.

• Electrical energy is transferred to the motion energy.

• Motion energy is transferred to the light energy.

• Motion energy is created as it transfers to the electrical energy.

Every time Sonya and Sasha go camping, their lights don't last very long when it turns dark out. They want this light so they can read at their campsite. They brainstorm ways they can design a solar powered light that will last the longest and solve their problem. What steps should they take first to find the most effective solution?

• Test only the design that is the cheapest to make.

• Ask their friends which design they think will work best.

• Test different designs and choose the design that works the best.

• Test only the design that is the easiest to make.

A town relies on water from a dam nearby to provide electricity. Explain the energy in this example.

• Motion energy from the water is transformed into electrical energy.

• Motion energy from the water is transformed into sound energy.

• Electrical energy from the water is transformed into motion energy.

• Electrical energy from the water is transformed into electrical energy.

The illustration shows a lamp that is plugged into an outlet and powered on. How does this lamp use energy?

• Light energy converts to electrical energy.

• Heat energy is transformed into electricity.

• Electrical energy causes motion energy.

• Electrical energy is converted to light and heat energy.