Unit 4 just definitions- Quizs

What is the focus of collectivist cultures?

• Individual achievement and personal success

• Conformity of thoughts for cognitive harmony

• Working as a group towards a shared, common goal

• Making opinions more extreme

Answer explanation

Collectivist cultures prioritize group cohesion and collaboration, focusing on working together towards shared goals rather than individual achievements. This makes 'working as a group towards a shared, common goal' the correct choice.

What is a Social Trap?

• A situation where long-term benefits are prioritized

• A situation where short-term gains lead to long-term problems

• A situation where everyone benefits equally

• A situation where individual gains are ignored

Answer explanation

A social trap occurs when individuals prioritize short-term gains, leading to negative long-term consequences for themselves or society. This aligns with the correct choice, highlighting the pitfalls of immediate rewards over sustainable benefits.

Which defense mechanism involves reasoning to justify something?

• Displacement

• Regression

• Rationalization

• Reaction Formation

Answer explanation

Rationalization is a defense mechanism where individuals use reasoning to justify their actions or feelings, making them seem more acceptable. This distinguishes it from other mechanisms like displacement or regression.

What bias involves attributing your own actions to outside factors while attributing others’ actions to internal qualities?

• Self-serving bias

• Actor/observer bias

• Fundamental Attribution Error

• Internal Locus of control

Answer explanation

The actor/observer bias refers to the tendency to attribute our own actions to external factors (like circumstances) while attributing others' actions to their internal characteristics (like personality).

What does Social Comparison Theory suggest?

• The world is just

• Comparing yourself to others usually makes you feel worse or better about yourself

• You have attitudes without consciously knowing

• The more you are around someone, the more you like them

Answer explanation

Social Comparison Theory posits that individuals evaluate their own worth by comparing themselves to others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy or superiority, hence the correct choice is that comparing yourself to others usually affects your self-esteem.

What is Relative Deprivation?

• The idea that the world is just

• An action against a group of people based on race, religion, sex, etc.

• Your achievement seems less great when compared to another person

• The tendency to compare yourself to others

Answer explanation

Relative Deprivation refers to the feeling that your achievements are less significant when compared to others, highlighting the subjective nature of satisfaction and success.

Which of the following best describes the role of an Industrial/Organizational Psychologist?

• They help make work more efficient

• They focus on animal instincts and impulses

• They emphasize the unconscious mental process

• They serve to protect the ego

Answer explanation

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists focus on improving workplace efficiency, productivity, and employee well-being, making the first choice the best description of their role.

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

• Following others to fit in

• Having a contradiction between what you believe and what you do

• Judging another culture based on your norms

• Agreeing with someone in your circle

Answer explanation

Cognitive dissonance occurs when there is a conflict between one's beliefs and actions, leading to psychological discomfort. The correct choice highlights this contradiction, which is central to understanding cognitive dissonance.

What does group think prioritize?

• Critical analysis and discussion

• Conformity of thoughts to have cognitive harmony

• Individual opinions and diversity

• Extreme opinions and polarization

Answer explanation

Groupthink prioritizes conformity of thoughts to achieve cognitive harmony, often at the expense of critical analysis and diverse opinions. This leads to a lack of individual expression and can suppress dissenting views.

What is it called when you move the target of emotion onto someone or something else that's different from the original one?

• Displacement

• Repression

• Projection

• Regression

Answer explanation

Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotional responses are redirected from the original target to a different one. This helps individuals cope with feelings they may find difficult to express directly.