Spring 24 MHS Biology Final Exam

The rapid formation of many new species, as in this case, is called

• DNA Mutation

• Convergent Evolution

• Adaptation Radiation

• Protein Synthesis

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

According to the fossil record found across this area of the coastal United States, what conclusion can we make about area A?

• Vertebrates (species with backbones) never lived in area A.

• Area A was completely underwater in the past, because of the presence of the aquatic species fossils.

• Life forms appeared in area A before areas B and C.

• Area A had land animals, but it is now submerged under water.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Examine the model for the ecological succession of a pond over time. Each frame represents a snapshot of the biotic and abiotic conditions of the pond at a particular point in time. After which frame represents a condition where the climax community has been established?

• A

• B

• C

• D & C

• E & F

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

A student was studying the changes in carbon dioxide levels over time, as shown in the readings at Mauna Loa atmospheric station in Hawaii. In trying to reduce levels of carbon dioxide, the student wants to design and implement solutions to accomplish this goal. 

Which of these solutions could potentially lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions if implemented? Select all that apply. (3)

• The student could use biomass to heat the home rather than a furnace.

• The student could walk to locations rather than use a car to reduce carbon dioxide emmisions

• The student could promote the use of solar panels in her home and neighborhood for electricity generation.

• The student could promote the use of hybrid vehicles rather than traditional fuel combustion engine vehicles.

• The student could increase meat consumption rather than vegetable and grain consumption to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

80% of Australia’s land area is managed by farmers, indigenous communities, and other private land managers. As a result, effectively protecting Australia's environmental resources requires managing environmental assets on private land, and engaging land owners in this effort. Australian dairy farmers have taken the lead in environmental self-assessments and restoration and preservation of the land and water resources.

Efforts have been made in the last several decades to preserve and restore Australian lands by dairy farmers. Efforts have included all but one the following techniques.

Identify the technique that does NOT help with the restoration or preservation of water or land

• Irrigating/pumping water into land during times of water stress and drought.

• Planting trees, shrubs and grasses to increase how bank stability.

• Fertilizer use on an as-needed basis to reduce erosion and excess emissions.

• Diverting runny water run off from farms into settling ponds, rather than run it to ocean to let nature clean it.'

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Based on the cladogram above, which of the following statement is the correct interpretation?

• Lizards and snakes are the most closely related ones among these branches.

• Crocodiles diverged before Birds.

• The branch containing snakes evolved before birds.

• Snakes and Birds are the most closely related ones among these branches Александра

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

A student proposed a model of the classification of living things where all of the organisms that contain a cell wall were placed into a group while those organisms that did not have the cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall were placed into a separate group. Which statement(s) correctly judges the proposed model by the student correctly? Select ALL that apply (2).

• Fungi and bacteria act as decomposers in the ecosystem, so their similar placement into groups by the student is supported by the data.

• Fungi and plants both share a cell wall, so they are less related to animals than they are to each other. This supports the student's placement.

• Organisms with a cell wall are more closely related, even if the cell wall is different in structure, so the student's placement is supported by the data.

• Fungi are more closely related to animals than to bacteria, so the presence of a cell wall is not an indication of evolutionary history. Therefore the student's placement is not supported by the data.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statement is false based on the information from this tree?

• A. Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor.

• B. Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species.

• C. Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles.

• D. Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

A phylogeny of some land plants is shown above. Which statement correlates accurately with the tree shown above?

• Ferns and flowering plants both produce seeds.

• Clubmosses are the common ancestor of all other land plants.

• Spike mosses and quillworts have nearly identical DNA sequences.

• Flowering plants and ferns have a more recent common ancestor than they do with spike mosses.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree.

• Gray whales are the common ancestor of the Blue and Humpback whales.

• Blue and humpback whales diverged more recently than either did from the gray whale.

• The Bryde's whale shares a more recent common ancestor with the Sei whale than with the Fin whale.

• The blue and the Bryde's whale have more traits in common with each other than with any other two species.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2