Regents Review 4 Topic 13 & 14

Much of the evidence for the evolution of lifeforms on Earth has been obtained by

• examining fossils preserved in the rock record

• radioactive dating of metamorphic rock

• correlating widespread igneous ash deposits

• studying the life spans of present-day animals

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The drill-core samples below were taken from two locations 1,000 kilometers apart. Rock layers 1 through 8 have been labeled. Some index fossils are shown in the layers. Which numbered layers most likely formed at the same time?

• 1 and 6

• 4 and 7

• 2 and 8

• 3 and 5

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What evidence suggests that a mass extinction of the dinosaurs occurred at the end of the Cretaceous Period?

• evolution of dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous Epoch

• an absence of dinosaur fossils in Paleocene bedrock

• an abundance of dinosaur fossils in Early Cretaceous bedrock

• drawings of dinosaurs made by humans in caves during the Paleocene Epoch

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The index fossil shown below has been found in New York State sedimentary bedrock. Phacops Which other index fossil could also be found in New York State bedrock of the same age?

• Elliptocephala

• Lichenaria

• Manticoceras

• Cystiphyllum

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The geologic cross section below represents rock and sediment layers, labeled A through F. Each layer contains fossil remains, which formed in different depositional environments. Some layers contain index fossils. The layers have not been overturned. Which pair of organisms existed when the unconsolidated sediment in layer A in the given cross section was deposited?

• birds and trilobites

• humans and mastodonts

• dinosaurs and mastodonts

• ammonoids and grasses

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The geologic cross section below represents rock and sediment layers, labeled A through F. Each layer contains fossil remains, which formed in different depositional environments. Some layers contain index fossils. The layers have not been overturned. The depositional environment during the time the layers and fossils shown in the cross section were deposited

• changed from marine to terrestrial (land)

• was consistently marine

• was consistently terrestrial (land)

• changed from terrestrial (land) to marine

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which organisms were alive when New York State was last covered by a continental ice sheet?

• Coelophysis and Elliptocephala

• mastodont and Beluga whale

• Eurypterus and Cooksonia

• Aneurophyton and Naples Tree

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which pie graph best shows the relative length of time of the major intervals of Earth's geologic history?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The accumulation of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in Earth's early atmosphere approximately 4 billion years ago resulted mainly from

• outgassing from Earth's interior

• radioactive decay

• photosynthesis by the earliest land plants

• convection currents in Earth's outer core

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

Approximately 2.2 billion years ago, which gas was first added in large amounts to Earth's atmosphere from life-forms that evolved in the oceans?

• water vapor

• nitrogen

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1