IZZ 29-3

Who was the leader of a civil rights campaign that exposed racial injustice and won reforms?

• Martin Luther King Jr.

• Mikhail Gorbachev

• Lech Wałęsa

• John F. Kennedy

Answer explanation

Martin Luther King Jr. was a prominent leader in the civil rights movement, advocating for racial equality and justice through nonviolent protests, which led to significant reforms in the United States.

What does the term "counterculture" refer to?

• A youth movement that rebelled against mainstream American society

• A peaceful revolution in Czechoslovakia

• A willingness to discuss Soviet problems

• A movement of Polish workers

Answer explanation

The term "counterculture" specifically refers to a youth movement that emerged in the 1960s, characterized by its rebellion against mainstream American values and norms, making the first answer choice the correct one.

What was the main goal of the Solidarity movement in Poland?

• To protest against Communist government and Soviet control

• To promote openness in the Soviet Union

• To restructure the Soviet economy

• To remove Communists from power in Czechoslovakia

Answer explanation

The main goal of the Solidarity movement in Poland was to protest against the Communist government and Soviet control, advocating for workers' rights and political freedom.

Why might a graphic organizer be useful when taking notes on changes in North America, Europe, and the Soviet Union during the postwar years? (DoK 3)

• It helps organize information clearly for comparison and analysis

• It provides answers to all questions

• It replaces the need for reading the material

• It only focuses on one region at a time

Answer explanation

A graphic organizer helps structure information, making it easier to compare and analyze changes across North America, Europe, and the Soviet Union during the postwar years, which is essential for understanding complex historical developments.

Which U.S. laws were passed in the 1960s to address racial inequities?

• Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965

• Marshall Plan and G.I. Bill

• NATO Treaty and NAFTA

• Social Security Act and Medicare Act

Answer explanation

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were landmark laws aimed at ending racial discrimination and ensuring voting rights for African Americans, directly addressing racial inequities in the U.S.

Why did heavy industry companies in the United States struggle in the 1970s?

• They had too many workers

• They could not compete with companies from other countries

• They received too much government funding

• They focused only on military production

Answer explanation

Heavy industry companies in the U.S. struggled in the 1970s primarily because they could not compete with foreign companies that offered cheaper and more efficient production, leading to a decline in market share.

How did Western Europe recover economically after World War II?

• By increasing military spending

• Through the Marshall Plan and U.S. aid

• By isolating from other countries

• By reducing immigration

Answer explanation

Western Europe recovered economically after World War II primarily through the Marshall Plan and U.S. aid, which provided financial support for rebuilding infrastructure and stabilizing economies, fostering growth and cooperation.

Who became the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death in 1953?

• Mikhail Gorbachev

• Nikita Khrushchev

• Lech Walesa

• Boris Yeltsin

Answer explanation

After Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union, succeeding him and initiating significant political and economic reforms.

How did the Soviet economy change in the 1960s and 1980s?

• It became more efficient and productive

• It grew too large and complex for the government to control, leading to shortages of consumer goods

• It focused on agriculture instead of industry

• It adopted a capitalist system

Answer explanation

In the 1960s and 1980s, the Soviet economy became overly large and complex, making it difficult for the government to manage effectively. This led to significant shortages of consumer goods, highlighting inefficiencies in the system.

What was a major result of the revolutions in Eastern Europe in 1989?

• The spread of communism

• The overthrow of Soviet-backed governments and increased independence

• The start of World War III

• The creation of the United Nations

Answer explanation

A major result of the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe was the overthrow of Soviet-backed governments, leading to increased independence for many nations in the region, marking a significant shift away from communism.