Global 9 Review Roman Empire

Analyze how Augustus’ leadership contributed to the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire, and explain the long-term impact of his rule on Roman society.

• Augustus’ leadership led to the collapse of Roman trade and the loss of territories.

• Augustus’ leadership established military might, institution building, and the Pax Romana, resulting in long-term stability and prosperity.

• Augustus’ leadership resulted in the immediate fall of the Roman Empire.

• Augustus’ leadership focused solely on expanding the empire through war, ignoring internal reforms.

Evaluate the significance of the Roman road network in the economic and political integration of the Roman Empire.

• The road network isolated different regions, making trade difficult.

• The road network allowed for the unification of the empire, facilitating trade and communication.

• The road network was only used for military purposes and had no economic impact.

• The road network was primarily decorative and not functional.

Assess the role of the Twelve Tables in establishing order and stability in Roman society, and discuss how this legal system influenced later civilizations.

• The Twelve Tables created chaos by favoring only the wealthy.

• The Twelve Tables established public laws that promoted order and influenced future legal systems.

• The Twelve Tables were ignored by Roman citizens and had no impact.

• The Twelve Tables were only used for religious ceremonies.

Explain the concept of Pax Romana and analyze its effects on Roman achievements in art, literature, math, and science.

• Pax Romana was a period of constant warfare that hindered cultural development.

• Pax Romana was a 200-year period of peace that allowed for significant achievements in various fields.

• Pax Romana was a brief period with no notable accomplishments.

• Pax Romana only benefited the military and had no impact on culture.

Compare and contrast the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the Byzantine Empire with those of the earlier Roman Empire.

• The Byzantine Empire was mainly Latin-speaking, while the Roman Empire was Greek-speaking.

• The Byzantine Empire was mainly Greek in language and culture, while the Roman Empire was Latin-based.

• Both empires were exclusively Latin-speaking.

• Both empires rejected Greek culture entirely.

Analyze the strategic importance of Constantinople’s location for the Byzantine Empire’s economic and political power.

• Constantinople was isolated and had little access to trade routes.

• Constantinople’s location along major waterways made it a crossroads for trade between Europe and Asia.

• Constantinople was located in a desert, limiting its influence.

• Constantinople was only important for religious reasons.

Discuss how the Eastern Orthodox religion shaped the identity and culture of the Byzantine Empire and its influence on neighboring regions.

• The Eastern Orthodox religion was only practiced in Western Europe.

• The Eastern Orthodox religion became a defining feature of Byzantine culture and influenced Russia.

• The Eastern Orthodox religion was rejected by the Byzantine Empire.

• The Eastern Orthodox religion had no impact outside the empire.

Evaluate the impact of the Justinian Code on European legal systems and its significance in the preservation of Roman law.

• The Justinian Code was ignored by later civilizations.

• The Justinian Code was adopted by various European civilizations and preserved Roman legal principles.

• The Justinian Code was only used in religious contexts.

• The Justinian Code led to the decline of law and order in Europe.

Assess the role of the Byzantine Empire in preserving Greek and Roman culture and its long-term effects on European civilization.

• The Byzantine Empire destroyed most Greek and Roman texts.

• The Byzantine Empire preserved and passed on important Greek and Roman texts, influencing later European civilizations.

• The Byzantine Empire only preserved its own cultural achievements.

• The Byzantine Empire had no interest in cultural preservation.

Analyze the process of cultural diffusion from the Byzantine Empire to Russia, focusing on the adoption of religion and writing systems.

• Russia rejected all cultural influences from the Byzantine Empire.

• Russia adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion and the Cyrillic alphabet through contact with the Byzantine Empire.

• Russia only adopted Byzantine art, not religion or writing systems.

• Russia influenced the Byzantine Empire, not the other way around.