2.4-2.7 Memory and Forgetting

Recency effect

• The tendency to remember the first items in a list.

• The tendency to remember the last items in a list.

• The tendency to forget items in the middle of a list.

• The tendency to remember items based on their color.

Mnemonic devices

• Techniques a person can use to help them improve their ability to remember something.

• A type of software used for data analysis.

• A method for creating visual art.

• A strategy for managing time effectively.

Method of loci

• A mnemonic device that involves associating items with specific physical locations.

• A technique for improving memory through repetition.

• A strategy for organizing information in a linear format.

• A method for visualizing complex data in graphs.

Spacing effect

• The phenomenon where learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out.

• The idea that cramming information leads to better retention.

• The belief that studying in a noisy environment enhances memory.

• The strategy of reviewing material immediately after learning it.

Rehearsal (Memory)

• The process of repeatedly practicing material to encode it into memory.

• A technique used to improve short-term memory retention.

• A method of organizing information into categories for better recall.

• A strategy for memorizing information through visualization.

Alzheimer’s Disease

• A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions.

• A type of cancer that affects the brain.

• A viral infection that causes memory loss.

• A genetic disorder that leads to muscle degeneration.

Repression

• The psychological attempt to direct one's own desires and impulses toward pleasurable instincts by excluding them from consciousness.

• A defense mechanism that involves the conscious denial of unpleasant thoughts or feelings.

• The process of consciously remembering and recalling past experiences.

• A method of coping with stress by engaging in physical activity.

Context-dependent memory

• The ability to recall information better when in the same environment as when it was learned.

• The tendency to forget information when the context changes.

• The improved recall of information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.

• The phenomenon where memories are more vivid when they are emotionally charged.

Massed practice

• A learning technique where practice is done in a single, extended session.

• A method of studying that involves short, frequent sessions.

• A strategy that focuses on learning through repetition over time.

• A technique that emphasizes understanding concepts rather than memorization.

Imagination inflation

• A phenomenon where imagining an event increases confidence that it actually occurred.

• A technique used to enhance creativity in problem-solving.

• A psychological condition where one forgets past events.

• A method for improving memory retention through visualization.