3.5 & 3.9: Language & Factors in Learning

Cooing stage

• An early stage of language development in infants, characterized by the production of cooing sounds.

• A phase where infants begin to babble and produce consonant sounds.

• The stage where infants start to form simple words and phrases.

• A period of silent observation in language acquisition.

Grammar

• The set of rules that dictate how words are combined to form sentences in a language.

• A collection of vocabulary words used in a specific context.

• A method of teaching language through immersion and practice.

• The study of the meaning of words and phrases.

Overgeneralization

• A language development error where children apply a grammatical rule too widely.

• A technique used to enhance vocabulary acquisition in children.

• A method for correcting grammatical errors in adult speech.

• A strategy for teaching reading comprehension skills.

Cognitive map

• A mental representation of the layout of an environment.

• A physical map used for navigation.

• A type of cognitive bias affecting decision-making.

• A diagram illustrating social relationships.

Phonemes

• The smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish words.

• The largest units of meaning in a language.

• A type of grammatical structure in sentences.

• The written representation of sounds in a language.

Morphemes

• The smallest units of meaning in a language, including words and parts of words.

• The largest units of sound in a language.

• A type of grammatical structure that connects words together.

• The rules governing the structure of sentences.

Latent learning

• Learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement and is not immediately demonstrated.

• Learning that is reinforced by rewards and punishments.

• Learning that happens through direct observation of others.

• Learning that is only effective when it is immediately applied.

One-word stage

• A stage in language development where children speak in single words.

• A phase where children begin to form simple sentences.

• A period characterized by the use of complex grammar.

• A time when children primarily communicate through gestures.

Babbling stage

• A stage in child language development where infants produce sounds that resemble speech.

• A phase where children begin to form complete sentences.

• A period when infants only cry and coo without any speech-like sounds.

• A time when children learn to read and write.

Semantics

• The study of meaning in language, including word meanings and sentence meanings.

• The study of sounds in language and their production.

• The study of sentence structure and grammar rules.

• The study of language in its social context.