ESH CFE Review: Astronomy

According to the standard model of Big Bang cosmology, approximately how old is the Universe?

• 65 million years old

• 3.8 billion years old

• 13.7 billion years old

• 4.5 billion years old

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

What are two important pieces of evidence we have for the Big Bang?

• Ptolemy’s work on epicycles and Hubble’s law (the expansion of the Universe)

• Hubble’s law (the expansion of the Universe) and cosmic background radiation

• The fact that we have multiple Universes to compare and study and cosmic background radiation (CBR)

• The abundance of hydrogen, helium, and lithium found in the Universe and Ptolemy’s work on epicycles

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which of the following is NOT true about the Big Bang Theory?

• It is the scientific explanation of how life began on Earth and evolved over time.
• It is the scientific explanation for the origin of the universe.
• It states that the universe expanded from a single point and is still expanding today.
• It states that the universe used to be much hotter and smaller.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Most distant galaxies show a RED SHIFT. This is considered EVIDENCE that the universe is ___.

• getting cooler

• expanding

• condensing into a small point

• swirling around

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

The spectral lines for the Galaxy in the Local Group are ___, indicating it is moving ___ us.

• red-shifted, toward

• red-shifted, away from

• blue-shifted, toward

• blue-shifted, away from

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NGSS.HS-PS4-3

What is cosmic microwave background radiation?

• Cosmic microwave background radiation is the result of nuclear fusion in stars

• Cosmic microwave background radiation is the residual radiation from the Big Bang and is found throughout the universe.

• Cosmic microwave background radiation is the result of volcanic activity on distant planets

• Cosmic microwave background radiation is caused by the reflection of sunlight off of space debris

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

What does the redshift of galaxies indicate?

• The redshift of galaxies indicates that they are moving closer to us

• The redshift of galaxies indicates that they are not moving at all

• The redshift of galaxies indicates that they are changing color due to a different type of light

• The redshift of galaxies indicates that they are moving away from us, which is evidence for the expansion of the universe.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which of the following is not strong evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory?

• Presence of cosmic microwave background radiation.
• The frequency of the light from distant galaxies is shifted slightly towards the red
• The estimated age of the Earth matches the estimated age of the universe.
• Abundance of Hydrogen and Helium in the universe.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Galaxies that are redshifted have a __________ and are moving ___________.

• higher frequency; away from us

• shorter wavelengths; toward us

• lower frequency; away from us

• longer wavelengths; toward us

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2

Which of the following instruments provided crucial data that supported the development of the Big Bang Theory?

• The first optical telescopes used by Galileo Galilei to observe the planets and verify a heliocentric model.

• Radio telescopes like the Holmdel Horn Antenna that detected the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.

• Seismographs used to study seismic waves and how they travel through various materials determined the universe contains an abundance of hydrogen and helium.

• Microscopes used to observe microorganisms and detect Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-2