Human Body Unit 6 Part 2 vocabulary

villi

• small hair-like structures that filter blood

• finger-like projections on the lining of the small intestine which absorb digested food

• cells that produce digestive enzymes in the stomach

• muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

arteries

• strong vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body

• thin vessels that carry blood towards the heart

• muscular tubes that transport oxygenated blood only

• veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

virus

• Living organisms that can reproduce on their own

• Non-living organisms made of genetic material inside a protective coat which invade living cells and cause disease

• Single-celled organisms that can cause infections

• Complex multicellular organisms that are harmful to humans

DNA

• a substance found in cell nuclei that forms the genetic material of all living things

• a type of protein that helps in cell division

• a carbohydrate that provides energy to cells

• a lipid that stores genetic information

lymphocyte

• a type of red blood cell that carries oxygen

• a kind of white blood cell that destroys germs by releasing antibodies

• a cell that helps in blood clotting

• a type of muscle cell that aids in movement

digestive enzyme

• fluids produced by digestive glands which contain substances that break down food

• hormones that regulate appetite and digestion

• nutrients absorbed by the intestines

• muscles that aid in the movement of food through the digestive tract

excretion

• removal of waste substances from the body

• absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream

• circulation of oxygen in the body

• production of energy from food

veins

• blood vessels carrying blood to the heart

• blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart

• muscles that pump blood through the body

• organs that filter blood in the kidneys

hemoglobin

• a purple-red molecule in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen

• a type of white blood cell involved in immune response

• a protein that helps in blood clotting

• a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels

immunization

• a process that teaches the body's immune system to fight specific diseases

• a method of diagnosing diseases through blood tests

• a type of medication used to treat infections

• a surgical procedure to remove harmful cells