Enlightenment and Revolutions

Enlightenment

• A cultural and intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional doctrines.

• A period of artistic expression focused on emotion and nature.

• A philosophical approach that rejects all forms of government.

• A scientific revolution that led to the discovery of electricity.

Cotton gin

• A machine invented by Eli Whitney that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds.

• A device used for spinning cotton into thread.

• A tool for planting cotton seeds in the ground.

• A method for dyeing cotton fabrics.

Factory System

• A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor, characteristic of the Industrial Revolution.

• A system of agriculture that relies on manual labor and traditional tools.

• A type of economic model based on barter and trade without machinery.

• A method of production that emphasizes artisanal craftsmanship and small-scale operations.

Capitalism

• An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and operation for profit.

• A system where the government controls all economic activities.

• An economic model based on communal ownership and distribution of resources.

• A financial system that relies solely on barter and trade.

French Revolution

• A period of radical social and political change in France that led to the end of monarchy and rise of democracy.

• A time when France expanded its territories through military conquests.

• An era characterized by the establishment of absolute monarchy in France.

• A movement focused on the preservation of traditional French culture.

Bessemer process

• A method for producing aluminum

• A steel-making process, invented by Henry Bessemer, that led to the mass production of steel.

• A technique for refining gold

• An early method of producing concrete

Communism

• A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and communal ownership of production.

• A system where private ownership of property is encouraged and wealth is distributed unevenly.

• An economic system based on free markets and competition without government intervention.

• A political system that promotes individual rights and democratic governance.

Haitian Revolution

• A failed attempt to establish a new colony in the Caribbean.

• A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection in Saint-Domingue, leading to the establishment of Haiti.

• A peaceful negotiation for independence from France.

• A military coup that overthrew the local government in Haiti.

Baron de Montesquieu

• A French philosopher known for his theory of separation of powers, which influenced modern democratic governments.

• An English scientist who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.

• A German philosopher who wrote about the concept of the 'Übermensch' and existentialism.

• An Italian economist known for his theories on capitalism and free markets.

Socialism

• An economic and political system where the means of production are owned and controlled collectively or by the government.

• A system where private individuals own and control property and businesses.

• A political ideology that advocates for a classless society and the abolition of private property.

• An economic system based on free markets and competition.