Metabolism - Docs

Which of the following processes is primarily anabolic?

• Glycolysis

• Glycogenolysis

• Lipogenesis

• Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

A 70 kg adult male is in a postabsorptive state, resting in a thermoneutral environment. The energy he is expending primarily represents his:

• Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• Activity Energy Expenditure (AEE)

• Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

Which macronutrient provides the highest number of kilocalories per gram?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Fats

• Ethanol

An increase in which of the following hormones would most significantly increase an individual's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Thyroxine (T4)

• Somatostatin

During prolonged fasting, after glycogen stores are depleted, the body primarily relies on which of the following for energy?

• Breakdown of muscle protein for gluconeogenesis

• Lipolysis of stored triglycerides

• Direct utilization of dietary amino acids

• Conversion of lactate to glucose

The 'protein-sparing' effect refers to:

• The body preferentially using proteins for energy over carbohydrates.

• Adequate carbohydrate and fat intake reducing the need to break down protein for energy.

• The synthesis of non-essential amino acids from carbohydrates.

• The increased excretion of nitrogen when dietary protein is high.

Which of the following best describes the direct products of pancreatic amylase digestion of starch?

• Glucose and fructose

• Monosaccharides only

• Maltose, maltotriose, and α-limit dextrins

• Fatty acids and glycerol

In a healthy individual, what is the approximate recommended energetic proportion of dietary fats in a balanced diet?

• 5-10%

• 10-15%

• 20-35%

• 50-60%

A diet severely lacking in essential amino acids would most directly impair:

• Glycogen storage

• Production of steroid hormones

• Synthesis of new body proteins

• Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

The measurement of oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) to determine metabolic rate is the principle behind:

• Direct calorimetry

• Doubly labelled water method

• Indirect calorimetry

• Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation