Uned 1.1 WJEC BILINGUAL

Disgrifiwch sut mae cyfrifo cyfanswm chwyddhad microsgop. / Describe how to calculate the total magnification of a microscope.

• Lluosi chwyddhad lens y sylladur gyda chwyddhad y lens gwrthrychiadur. / Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece lens by the magnification of the objective lens.

• Adio chwyddhad lens y sylladur a lens gwrthrychiadur. / Add the magnification of the eyepiece lens and the objective lens.

• Rhannu chwyddhad lens y sylladur gyda chwyddhad y lens gwrthrychiadur. / Divide the magnification of the eyepiece lens by the magnification of the objective lens.

• Tynnu chwyddhad lens y sylladur o chwyddhad y lens gwrthrychiadur. / Subtract the magnification of the eyepiece lens from the magnification of the objective lens.

Nodwch enw dau fath o ficrosgop. (Name two types of microscopes.)

• Microsgop golau a microsgop electron. (Light microscope and electron microscope.)

• Microsgop laser a microsgop electron. (Laser microscope and electron microscope.)

• Microsgop golau a microsgop laser. (Light microscope and laser microscope.)

• Microsgop electron a microsgop sain. (Electron microscope and sound microscope.)

Nodwch pa fath o ficrosgop sydd â'r chwyddhad mwyaf ar gyfer arddangos manylder.

Indicate which type of microscope has the highest magnification for displaying detail.

• Microsgop golau.

  Light microscope.

• Microsgop electron.

  Electron microscope.

• Microsgop laser.

  Laser microscope.

• Microsgop sain.

  Sound microscope.

Nodwch pam fod celloedd yn cael eu staenio cyn eu harsylwi trwy ficrosgop.

Note why cells are stained before being observed through a microscope.

• Er mwyn gweld y strwythurau'n fwy clir.

  To see the structures more clearly.

• Er mwyn newid lliw'r celloedd.

  To change the color of the cells.

• Er mwyn lleihau chwyddhad.

  To reduce magnification.

• Er mwyn cynyddu maint y celloedd.

  To increase the size of the cells.

Beth yw swyddogaeth y cnewyllun? / What is the function of the nucleolus?

• Safle adweithiau cemegol yn y gell. / Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

• Rheoli gweithgareddau'r gell a chynnwys gwybodaeth enetig (DNA). / Controls cell activities and contains genetic information (DNA).

• Cryfhau y gell, cynnal siâp y gell. / Strengthens the cell, maintains the shape of the cell.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Beth yw swyddogaeth y cytoplasm? / What is the function of the cytoplasm?

• Safle adweithiau cemegol yn y gell. / Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

• Rheoli pa sylweddau sy'n symud i mewn ac allan o'r gell. / Controls what substances move in and out of the cell.

• Safle resbiradaeth aerobig, gan ryddhau egni ar ffurf ATP. / Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Beth yw swyddogaeth y gelbilenn? / What is the function of the cell membrane?

• Safle adweithiau cemegol yn y gell. / Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

• Rheoli pa sylweddau sy'n symud i mewn ac allan o'r gell. / Controls what substances move in and out of the cell.

• Cryfhau y gell, cynnal siâp y gell. / Strengthens the cell, maintains the shape of the cell.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Beth yw swyddogaeth y mitocondria? / What is the function of the mitochondria?

• Safle adweithiau cemegol yn y gell. / Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

• Rheoli pa sylweddau sy'n symud i mewn ac allan o'r gell. / Controls what substances move in and out of the cell.

• Safle resbiradaeth aerobig, gan ryddhau egni ar ffurf ATP. / Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Beth yw swyddogaeth y cellfur? / What is the function of the cell wall?

• Cryfhau y gell, cynnal siâp y gell. / Strengthen the cell, maintain the shape of the cell.

• Rheoli pa sylweddau sy'n symud i mewn ac allan o'r gell. / Control what substances move in and out of the cell.

• Safle resbiradaeth aerobig, gan ryddhau egni ar ffurf ATP. / Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorb light for photosynthesis.

Beth yw swyddogaeth cloroplastau? / What is the function of chloroplasts?

• Safle adweithiau cemegol yn y gell. / Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

• Rheoli pa sylweddau sy'n symud i mewn ac allan o'r gell. / Controls what substances move in and out of the cell.

• Safle resbiradaeth aerobig, gan ryddhau egni ar ffurf ATP. / Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

• Amsugno golau ar gyfer ffotosynthesis. / Absorbs light for photosynthesis.