Approaches - Lesson 2

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption of the behaviourist approach?

• A) All behaviour is learned from the environment.

• B) Behaviour can be objectively and scientifically measured.

• C) All behaviour is innate and inherited from parents.

• D) Research can be carried out on animals as well as on humans.

According to the behaviourist approach, how is behaviour learned?

• Through classical and operant conditioning

• Through inheritance from parents

• By random chance

• By genetic mutation

Who is credited with discovering the process of classical conditioning?

• Sigmund Freud

• Ivan Pavlov

• B.F. Skinner

• John Watson

Fill in the blank: In Pavlov's experiment, food was an __________ stimulus that produced the reflex of salivating, which is an __________ response.

• unconditioned; unconditioned

• conditioned; conditioned

• neutral; conditioned

• conditioned; unconditioned

The bell was a neutral stimulus that produced a neutral response before conditioning in Pavlov's experiment.

• True

• False

Refer to the diagram showing the stages of conditioning in Pavlov's experiment. What is the conditioned stimulus after conditioning?

• Food

• Bell

• Salivation

• Dog bowl

During Conditioning – The ________ (food) was repeatedly paired with the neutral stimulus (bell). Eventually the dog associated the bell with food. Fill in the blank with the correct term.

• unconditioned stimulus

• conditioned response

• neutral stimulus

• conditioned stimulus

After Conditioning – The bell was a ________ that produced salivating in the dogs as a conditioned response. Fill in the blank with the correct term.

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• neutral stimulus

• conditioned response

Temporal association/contiguity in the context of classical conditioning refers to:

• The closeness in time between the presentation of the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.

• The similarity between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

• The strength of the response to the conditioned stimulus.

• The number of times the conditioned stimulus is presented.

For classical conditioning to occur, the neutral stimulus must be presented: Choose the correct option.

• Long after the unconditioned stimulus

• Close in time to the unconditioned stimulus

• At any random time

• Only after the response is observed