Earth Science Final 2025

Explain why scientific investigations should be replicable.

• Allows scientists to discover errors, proves the data is accurate & the results are reliable & allows other scientists to replicate and learn from past investigations.

• It makes experiments more expensive and time-consuming.

• It ensures that only one scientist can perform the investigation.

• It prevents other scientists from questioning the results.

What is Observational Research?

What is a Controlled Experiment?

Why is creativity important in science?

Identify the role that models play in science.

• Models help us understand ideas and phenomena that are too big, too small, too dangerous or too complicated to understand otherwise.

• Models are only used for decoration in scientific reports.

• Models are used to replace real experiments entirely in all cases.

• Models are mainly used to make science more confusing.

Why is it important that scientists come from different backgrounds with varied talents, interests, and goals?

What is convection?

What is conduction?

• Conduction is the transfer of heat between two substances that are in DIRECT contact. Ex: Touching a hot iron with your hand.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through empty space without any contact.

• Conduction is the process of liquid turning into gas.

• Conduction is the movement of air from one place to another.

What is radiation?

• Radiation is the transfer of heat (thermal energy) by electromagnetic waves. Ex: The sun warming the Earth.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat by direct contact between objects.

• Radiation is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids such as air or water.

• Radiation is the process of cooling objects by evaporation.

What is evaporation?