Quiz about Biology Regents Review #1

Question 1

What is the basic subunit that makes up DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

What is the main function of the circulatory system in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Transporting nutrients and oxygen

Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Breaking down food

Answer

Sending electrical signals

Question 4

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

Answer

The process of cell division

Answer

The breakdown of glucose

Answer

The movement of water across a membrane

Question 5

What is the result of mitosis in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

Two identical daughter cells

Answer

Four genetically different cells

Answer

One cell with double the DNA

Answer

Two cells with half the DNA

Question 6

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Uracil

Question 7

Which system is responsible for removing waste products from the blood in humans?

Accepted Answer

Excretory system

Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Nervous system

Question 8

Which feedback mechanism increases the original stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Neutral feedback

Answer

Inhibitory feedback

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of cellular differentiation?

Accepted Answer

To create specialized cells for specific functions

Answer

To produce energy

Answer

To break down nutrients

Answer

To remove waste

Question 10

Which molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between tissues and organs?

Accepted Answer

Organs are made up of tissues

Answer

Tissues are made up of organs

Answer

Tissues and organs are the same

Answer

Organs are smaller than tissues

Question 12

Which process helps maintain blood glucose levels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Diffusion

Question 13

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

G1 phase

Answer

G2 phase

Answer

M phase

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Change in protein structure

Answer

Increase in cell size

Answer

Decrease in cell number

Answer

Increase in energy production

Question 15

Given a diagram of the human digestive system, which organ is responsible for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Esophagus

Question 16

If a person sweats when they are hot, which type of feedback mechanism is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Answer

Neutral feedback

Answer

Feedforward mechanism

Question 17

A stem cell in the bone marrow differentiates into a red blood cell. What is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

It produces cells specialized for oxygen transport

Answer

It allows the organism to grow larger

Answer

It increases the number of chromosomes

Answer

It causes cell death

Question 18

A change in the sequence of DNA bases can lead to which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A different protein being produced

Answer

No change in the protein produced

Answer

The same protein being produced

Answer

The cell always dies

Question 19

If blood sugar rises after eating, which hormone is released to lower it?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 20

Why is mitosis important for multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows growth and repair by producing identical cells

Answer

It produces energy

Answer

It creates genetic diversity

Answer

It removes waste

Question 21

A mutation in the DNA sequence of a gene results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein. How might this affect the protein's function?

Accepted Answer

The protein may not function properly

Answer

The protein will always function better

Answer

The protein will not be affected

Answer

The protein will become a carbohydrate

Question 22

Given a model of the respiratory and circulatory systems, explain how these systems interact to deliver oxygen to body tissues.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system brings in oxygen, which the circulatory system transports to tissues

Answer

The circulatory system produces oxygen for the respiratory system

Answer

The respiratory system removes waste from tissues

Answer

The circulatory system digests oxygen

Question 23

A student designs an experiment to test how the body maintains temperature after exercise. Which variable should be measured to provide evidence of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Height

Question 24

A scientist observes that after injury, certain cells in the skin divide rapidly and then specialize to replace damaged tissue. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis and differentiation

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Fermentation

Question 25

A genetic disorder is caused by a change in the DNA sequence that alters the shape of a protein. How does this support the idea that DNA structure determines protein structure?

Accepted Answer

The change in DNA leads to a change in amino acid sequence, altering protein shape

Answer

The protein is not affected by DNA

Answer

Proteins are made without DNA

Answer

DNA only affects carbohydrates

Question 26

Analyze a diagram showing the nervous and muscular systems working together to move an arm. What does this illustrate about system interactions?

Accepted Answer

Systems interact to perform specific functions

Answer

Systems work independently

Answer

Only one system is needed for movement

Answer

Systems compete with each other

Question 27

A student plans an investigation to test how heart rate changes in response to exercise. Which feedback mechanism is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback maintaining homeostasis

Answer

Positive feedback maintaining homeostasis

Answer

No feedback mechanism

Answer

Feedforward mechanism

Question 28

Explain how mitosis and cellular differentiation work together to heal a cut on the skin.

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces new cells, and differentiation specializes them to replace damaged tissue

Answer

Differentiation produces new cells, and mitosis specializes them

Answer

Only mitosis is involved

Answer

Only differentiation is involved

Question 29

A researcher observes that when blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland releases a hormone that increases calcium levels. What does this demonstrate about feedback mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback restores balance to maintain homeostasis

Answer

Positive feedback increases the stimulus

Answer

Feedback mechanisms are not involved

Answer

The hormone decreases calcium levels further

Biology Regents Review #1

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