Map Review 7: Cell part 2

Rabbits’ intestines help in the digestion of cellulose, which is a time-consuming and complex process. To digest cellulose, rabbits require enzymes produced by bacteria living in their intestines. These bacteria break down the cellulose into simple sugars that rabbits can digest.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the survival needs of both rabbits and the bacteria that live in the rabbits’ intestines?

• Both the bacteria and rabbits get energy from sugars, and both must eliminate wastes.

• Both the bacteria and rabbits get energy from sugars, but only rabbits need to eliminate wastes.

• Both the bacteria and rabbits need nutrients, but only rabbits need water.

• Only rabbits need nutrients and water; the bacteria do not need nutrients or water

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A student created a model of a typical cell to show the characteristics that all living cells share. Which of the following additions will improve the accuracy of the model?

• Adding a cell wall, because all cells have both a plasma membrane and a cell wall

• Adding ribosomes, because all cells carry out protein synthesis

• Adding a membrane around the genetic material, because all cells have a nucleus

• Adding chloroplasts, because all cells must produce oxygen to use in aerobic respiration

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Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that causes affected individuals to excrete greater amounts of sodium and chloride than individuals without cystic fibrosis do. As a result, in some individuals the fluid surrounding the blood cells (blood plasma) has a lower concentration of sodium and chloride than the inside of the red blood cells.

The image below shows a red blood cell under normal conditions. Which of the following models best represents the red blood cells of an individual affected by cystic fibrosis? Who does water love to follow

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A team of scientists are developing a method to measure ATP levels in the cell instantaneously. This would allow scientists to take immediate measurements of ATP and determine where ATP is localized in the cell.

Which of the following statements best explains the benefit of measuring ATP in a cell instantaneously?

• Measuring the levels of ATP will allow scientists to locate mutations within the nucleus.

• Measuring the levels of ATP will allow scientists to locate where energy is used for cellular activities.

• Measuring the levels of ATP will allow scientists to determine if the cell is undergoing meiosis.

• Measuring the levels of ATP will allow scientists to determine if the cell is a prokaryote or eukaryote.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Plant cells have a large central vacuole that holds water, which results in other cell organelles being located against the cell membrane. Which of the following best explains how being close to the cell membrane could benefit a cellular process?

• Nucleotides would have more access to space in the cytosol and become more concentrated, benefiting DNA replication.

• Ribosomes would have more access to space in the cytosol and make more proteins, benefiting protein synthesis.

• mitochondria would have more access to glucose to convert into ATP, benefiting cellular respiration.

• Chloroplasts would have more access to light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, benefiting photosynthesis.

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In a lab, students were extracting DNA from the nucleus of strawberry cells. The strawberries were mashed with a mixture of detergent, salt, meat tenderizer, and water. The detergent consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a charged sulfate head, as shown in the figure. The detergent helps to disrupt and separate fats and other lipids.

Which of the following best explains the function of the detergent in the DNA extraction?

• The detergent helps to break open cell membranes, allowing the DNA to come out of the cell.

• The detergent helps to dissolve the DNA into the extraction mixture.

• The detergent binds to proteins and causes them to precipitate from the extraction mixture.

• The detergent helps to remove the cell wall, allowing the DNA to come out of the nucleus.

In order to model osmosis, students created an artificial cell using dialysis tubing (a thin membrane that water can pass through but that sucrose cannot) and a solution made of sucrose (a type of sugar) dissolved in water. The students filled the dialysis tubing with the sucrose solution, tied the open ends of the tube, and placed the artificial cell in a beaker containing distilled water as shown in the figure.

Which of the following correctly shows the net movement of water, and predicts what will happen to the size of the artificial cell over time?

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Students in a lab were working with a strain of bacteria that expressed a gene allowing the cells to break down the sugar galactose. The students isolated the component of the cell with the activity and performed chemical analysis to determine its composition. Which of the following would provide evidence that the isolated component was a protein?

• The component was made of nucleotides.

• The component was made of sugars.

• The component was made of amino acids.

• The component was made of fatty acids.

A class is creating a model of a plant cell that shows some of the structures that are likely to be observed in a typical plant cell. Students in the class have proposed revisions to make it a more accurate model of a plant cell. Which TWO of the following proposed changes will make the model more accurate?

• Adding ribosomes because plant cells perform protein synthesis

• adding cilia or a flagellum because plant cells need a structure to help them move

• Adding Golgi apparatus because plant cells package and export proteins from the cell

• Removing the large vacuole because plant cells do not need to store water

• Removing the mitochondria because plant cells use chloroplasts for ATP production

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