Soc II CH 2

Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem?

• A) scientific method
• B) social science
• C) experiment
• D) value neutrality

Which of the following is the SECOND step of the scientific method?

• A) defining the problem
• B) selecting the research design
• C) reviewing the literature
• D) collecting and analyzing data

AFTER a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process?

• A) to define the problem
• B) to generate ideas for future research
• C) to formulate a hypothesis
• D) to choose a research design

An operational definition is

• A) a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables.
• B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results.
• C) an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept.
• D) a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other.

A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a

• A) correlation.
• B) hypothesis.
• C) sample.
• D) research design.

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n)

• A) independent variable.
• B) dependent variable.
• C) spurious variable.
• D) operational variable.

Researchers find that pet owners live longer, healthier lives. Within this study, pet ownership is the

• A) independent variable.
• B) dependent variable.
• C) spurious variable.
• D) operational variable.

A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a

• A) control variable.
• B) dependent variable.
• C) correlation.
• D) cross-tabulation.

In an experiment, the group that is NOT exposed to the independent variable is called the

• A) experimental group.
• B) representative group.
• C) study group.
• D) control group.

A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of television violence on children. The set of children that are shown the violent cartoons are considered the

• A) experimental group.
• B) control group.
• C) independent variable.
• D) dependent variable.