Chemical Bonding and Reactions Unit Study Guide

A chemical bond is:

• A force that holds atoms together in a compound

• A type of chemical reaction

• A process of breaking molecules

• A method of separating mixtures

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How do valence electrons affect atoms?

• They determine the chemical properties and reactivity of atoms.

• They determine the atomic mass of atoms.

• They determine the number of protons in atoms.

• They determine the color of atoms.

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An atom is considered to be stable when:

• it has a full outer shell of electrons.

• it has more protons than electrons.

• it has an equal number of protons and neutrons.

• it has no neutrons.

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Which elements on the periodic table have stable atoms?

• Noble gases

• Alkali metals

• Halogens

• Transition metals

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The difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond is:

• Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

• Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

• Both involve the sharing of protons.

• Both involve the transfer of neutrons.

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How does a cation differ from an anion?

• A cation has a positive charge, while an anion has a negative charge.

• A cation has a negative charge, while an anion has a positive charge.

• Both cation and anion have positive charges.

• Both cation and anion have negative charges.

A structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds is called a _______________.

• molecule

• ion

• crystal

• alloy

Describe how atoms like sodium and chlorine react chemically.

• They share electrons to form a covalent bond.

• They transfer electrons to form an ionic bond.

• They do not react with each other.

• They form a metallic bond.

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Name the following compounds: Na₃N

• Sodium nitride

• Sodium nitrate

• Sodium nitrite

• Sodium amide

Name the following compounds: SrF₂

• Strontium fluoride

• Strontium fluorate

• Strontium difluoride

• Strontium fluorite