EOC Review Assessment Standards 1 & 2

Why would a runner consume carbohydrates before a race?

• Carbohydrates provide insulation for heat.

•  Carbohydrates provide structure for tissues.

•  Carbohydrates provide genetic material for muscle cells.

• Carbohydrates provide energy for the body.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Why are nucleic acids necessary for survival?

• Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

  
  

• Nucleic acids provide structures for cells.

  
  

• Nucleic acids make enzymes to break down food.

  
  

• Nucleic acids store fat for long-term energy.

  
  

Which macromolecule provides structural support and helps send signals within a cell?

•  Proteins

• Carbohydrates

  
  

•  Lipids

• Nucleic acids

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions in organisms?

• Enzymes increase the energy required for a reaction to begin.

• Enzymes decrease the energy required for a reaction to begin.

• Enzymes have no effect on the energy required for a reaction to begin.

• Enzymes maintain the energy needed for a reaction to begin.

  
  

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which of the following roles does an enzyme play when the body processes sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose?

• An enzyme decreases the body’s need for sucrose.

• An enzyme increases the amount of sucrose available.

  
  

• An enzyme increases the rate at which the sucrose breaks down.

• An enzyme decreases the amount of fructose and glucose product available.

  
  

As cells grow and increase in size, enzymes become more important to the survival of the cell. Which best explains why enzymes are necessary?

• Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.

  
  

• Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions.

  
  

• The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing.

  
  

• The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.

  
  

Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the sugar, lactose, into glucose and galactose. Students carry out an experiment to determine how temperature affects this process.

• They set up three test tubes, each containing a solution of lactase and lactose. 

• Each test tube is kept at a different temperature: 5°C, 37°C, and 60°C. 

• The students measure the amount of glucose in each test tube.

Based on the data, how does temperature affect the activity of the enzyme lactase?

• Lactase is most active when the temperature is 5°C.

  
  

• Lactase is most active when the temperature is 37°C.

• Lactase is most active when the temperature is 60°C.

  
  

• The activity of lactase is not affected by temperature.

  
  

Why did the activity of the enzyme lactase decrease at 60°C?

• The shape of the lactase active site remains the same.

  
  

• The shape of the lactase active site changes.

• The concentration of lactase increases.

  
  

•  The concentration of lactase decreases.

  
  

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Which of the following roles is performed by parts X and Y working together?

•  moving genetic material

  
  

• converting light to chemical energy

  
  

•  providing structural support to the cell

  
  

• synthesizing proteins for cellular functions

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Students were asked to draw a model of a mitochondrion. The diagrams below represent two students’ drawings.

Which model best represents a mitochondrion and why?

• Structure 1 has more surface area, which produces more proteins.

  
  

• Structure 1 has more surface area, which produces more energy.

• Structure 2 has more surface area, which produces more proteins.

  
  

• Structure 2 has more surface area, which produces more energy.

  
  

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7