Biology Concepts for Engineers

What is the basic unit of life?

• Molecule

• Atom

• Cell

• Organism

Define homeostasis and its importance in biology.

• Homeostasis is the process of photosynthesis in plants.

• Homeostasis is the regulation of internal conditions in organisms, crucial for survival and optimal functioning.

• Homeostasis is the ability of organisms to reproduce in various environments.

• Homeostasis refers to the movement of organisms from one habitat to another.

What are the four macromolecules essential for life?

• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

• Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Sugars

• Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Proteins

• Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fiber

Explain the process of photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis produces only carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

• Photosynthesis occurs only at night when plants absorb carbon dioxide.

• Photosynthesis is the process of animals converting food into energy.

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• Enzymes convert energy into heat during reactions.

• Enzymes speed up biological reactions by lowering activation energy.

• Enzymes slow down biological reactions by increasing activation energy.

• Enzymes are not involved in biological reactions at all.

Describe the structure of DNA.

• DNA consists of a linear sequence of sugars and phosphates.

• DNA is a single strand of amino acids.

• DNA is a triple helix structure with no base pairing.

• DNA is a double helix made of two strands of nucleotides, with complementary base pairing.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells do not.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus; eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have both.

How do mutations affect genetic information?

• Mutations only occur in non-coding regions of DNA.

• Mutations can change the DNA sequence, affecting protein function and leading to variations in traits.

• Mutations have no effect on DNA sequences.

• All mutations are harmful and lead to disease.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

• The cell membrane provides energy for cellular processes.

• The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

• The cell membrane acts as a site for protein synthesis.

• The cell membrane stores genetic information.

Explain the concept of natural selection.

• Natural selection is the mechanism by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual evolution of species.

• Natural selection refers to the random changes in genetic material that occur over time.

• Natural selection is the process by which all individuals in a population are equally likely to survive.

• Natural selection is the belief that species do not change and remain static over time.