Quiz about Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

The metric system uses prefixes such as kilo-, hecto-, and milli- to represent different _______________ of measurement.

Accepted Answer

prefixes

Answer

colors

Answer

shapes

Answer

tools

Question 2

Fill in the blank with the correct words. A _______________ property can be observed without changing the substance into something new.

Accepted Answer

physical

Answer

chemical

Answer

atomic

Answer

magnetic

Question 3

Fill in the blank with the correct words. _______________ are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Accepted Answer

elements

Answer

compounds

Answer

mixtures

Answer

solutions

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The number of _______________ in an atom determines its atomic number.

Accepted Answer

protons

Answer

neutrons

Answer

electrons

Answer

nuclei

Question 5

Fill in the blank: In a _______________ bond, electrons are shared between atoms.

Accepted Answer

covalent

Answer

ionic

Answer

metallic

Answer

hydrogen

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Rusting iron

Answer

Melting ice

Answer

Dissolving sugar in water

Answer

Cutting paper

Question 7

Which scientist is known for the "Gold Foil Experiment"?

Accepted Answer

Rutherford

Answer

Dalton

Answer

Thomson

Answer

Bohr

Question 8

What does the arrow in a chemical equation represent?

Accepted Answer

Yields

Answer

Reactants

Answer

Products

Answer

Energy

Question 9

Which of the following is considered a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Salt water

Answer

Vegetable soup

Answer

Sand and water

Answer

Granite

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the difference between physical and chemical properties, and gives one example of each?

Accepted Answer

Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance, like color; chemical properties involve a change in composition, like flammability.

Answer

Physical properties involve a change in composition, like rusting; chemical properties can be observed without changing the substance, like melting point.

Answer

Physical properties and chemical properties are the same; both involve changes in composition.

Answer

Physical properties are only found in solids; chemical properties are only found in liquids.

Question 11

Which of the following are two ways mixtures can be separated, along with an example of each method?

Accepted Answer

Filtration (e.g., separating sand from water) and evaporation (e.g., separating salt from water)

Answer

Melting (e.g., melting ice) and freezing (e.g., making ice cream)

Answer

Condensation (e.g., forming dew) and sublimation (e.g., dry ice)

Answer

Boiling (e.g., boiling water) and dissolving (e.g., sugar in tea)

Question 12

The three main types of chemical bonds found in compounds are:

Accepted Answer

Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds

Answer

Hydrogen, peptide, and disulfide bonds

Answer

Van der Waals, ionic, and peptide bonds

Answer

Covalent, hydrogen, and glycosidic bonds

Question 13

What is an example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Rusting iron

Answer

Melting ice

Answer

Boiling water

Answer

Breaking glass

Question 14

Who is credited with discovering the nucleus of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Rutherford

Answer

Dalton

Answer

Thomson

Answer

Bohr

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical property?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic

Answer

Flammability

Answer

Reactivity

Answer

Combustion

Question 16

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

Accepted Answer

Salt water

Answer

Sand

Answer

Salad

Answer

Granite

Question 17

The difference between physical and chemical properties is:

Accepted Answer

Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance's identity, while chemical properties involve a change in identity.

Answer

Physical properties involve a change in identity, while chemical properties do not.

Answer

Both physical and chemical properties involve changes in identity.

Answer

Physical properties and chemical properties are the same.

Question 18

Which of the following are methods for separating mixtures?

Accepted Answer

Filtration and evaporation

Answer

Melting and freezing

Answer

Condensation and sublimation

Answer

Oxidation and reduction

Question 19

Which of the following lists the three main types of chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic, covalent, and metallic

Answer

Hydrogen, peptide, and ionic

Answer

Covalent, hydrogen, and van der Waals

Answer

Metallic, peptide, and hydrogen

Question 20

Which of the following correctly explains the difference between intrinsic (intensive) and extrinsic (extensive) properties, and provides two examples of each?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic properties do not depend on the amount of matter (e.g., density, boiling point), while extrinsic properties do (e.g., mass, volume).

Answer

Intrinsic properties depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume), while extrinsic properties do not (e.g., density, boiling point).

Answer

Both intrinsic and extrinsic properties depend on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume).

Answer

Neither intrinsic nor extrinsic properties depend on the amount of matter (e.g., color, shape).

Question 21

The metric system is organized in a certain way and is called a base ten system because:

Accepted Answer

It is based on multiples of ten, making conversions simple by moving the decimal point.

Answer

It uses random units for each measurement, making conversions difficult.

Answer

It is based on the imperial system, which uses fractions.

Answer

It is organized by alphabetical order of units.

Question 22

Which of the following lists describes the five chemical changes?

Accepted Answer

Color change, temperature change, gas production, formation of a precipitate, change in odor

Answer

Melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, sublimation

Answer

Cutting, tearing, crushing, bending, stretching

Answer

Dissolving, mixing, filtering, evaporating, condensing

Question 23

Which of the following correctly compares pure substances and mixtures, providing at least two examples of each?

Accepted Answer

Pure substances have a fixed composition and include water and gold; mixtures have variable composition and include air and salad.

Answer

Pure substances have variable composition and include air and salad; mixtures have a fixed composition and include water and gold.

Answer

Pure substances and mixtures both have variable composition; examples include water and salad for both.

Answer

Pure substances and mixtures both have fixed composition; examples include air and gold for both.

Question 24

What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, like salt water; heterogeneous mixtures have visibly different parts, like salad.

Answer

Homogeneous mixtures have visibly different parts, like salad; heterogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout, like salt water.

Answer

Both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.

Answer

Homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures are both pure substances.

Question 25

Filtration is a process used to separate ______ from a liquid. It is commonly used when making coffee to separate the coffee grounds from the liquid coffee.

Accepted Answer

solids

Answer

gases

Answer

liquids

Answer

solutions

Question 26

Distillation separates mixtures by:

Accepted Answer

Evaporating and condensing liquids based on their boiling points

Answer

Using a magnet to separate components

Answer

Filtering solids from liquids

Answer

Mixing substances together

Question 27

The significance of the Gold Foil Experiment and its contributions to atomic theory can be summarized as:

Accepted Answer

It showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

Answer

It proved that atoms are indivisible and solid.

Answer

It demonstrated that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths.

Answer

It confirmed that atoms are made only of protons and neutrons.

Question 28

Who was Mendeleev and what was his contribution to science?

Accepted Answer

He was a Russian chemist who created the periodic table of elements.

Answer

He was an Italian physicist who invented the battery.

Answer

He was a French biologist who discovered penicillin.

Answer

He was a German mathematician who developed calculus.

Question 29

What determines the atomic number of an element? Why is this important?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus; it defines the identity of the element.

Answer

The number of neutrons in the nucleus; it determines the isotope.

Answer

The number of electrons in the outer shell; it determines reactivity.

Answer

The atomic mass; it determines the stability of the element.

Question 30

The difference between atomic number and atomic mass is:

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Answer

Atomic number is the sum of protons and neutrons; atomic mass is the number of protons.

Answer

Atomic number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the number of protons.

Answer

Atomic number and atomic mass are the same.

Question 31

The three main types of chemical bonds are:

Accepted Answer

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

Answer

Hydrogen, Ionic, Polar

Answer

Covalent, Polar, Nonpolar

Answer

Metallic, Hydrogen, Van der Waals

Question 32

You can determine what type of bond will form between two elements by:

Accepted Answer

Comparing their electronegativities

Answer

Measuring their atomic mass

Answer

Counting their protons

Answer

Observing their color

Question 33

Key differences between covalent and ionic compounds include:

Accepted Answer

Covalent compounds share electrons, while ionic compounds transfer electrons.

Answer

Covalent compounds conduct electricity in solution, while ionic compounds do not.

Answer

Ionic compounds have low melting points, while covalent compounds have high melting points.

Answer

Covalent compounds are always solids, while ionic compounds are always gases.

Question 34

Transition metals in compounds are named by:

Accepted Answer

Using Roman numerals to indicate the oxidation state

Answer

Using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms

Answer

Using Greek letters to indicate the charge

Answer

Using color codes

Question 35

Subscripts in a chemical formula tell you the number of atoms of each element. What do subscripts indicate?

Accepted Answer

The number of atoms of each element

Answer

The type of chemical bond

Answer

The mass of the molecule

Answer

The charge of the ion

Question 36

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that:

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Answer

Energy can be created and destroyed.

Answer

Energy is always lost in every process.

Answer

Energy only exists in living things.

Question 37

Energy shells are ______ and valence electrons are important because ______.

Accepted Answer

layers around the nucleus; they determine chemical reactivity

Answer

types of atoms; they give mass to the atom

Answer

protons in the nucleus; they define atomic number

Answer

neutrons in the atom; they affect stability

Question 38

Which of the following correctly compares the properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids?

Accepted Answer

Metals are good conductors, non-metals are poor conductors, metalloids have intermediate conductivity.

Answer

Metals are brittle, non-metals are malleable, metalloids are ductile.

Answer

Metals are dull, non-metals are shiny, metalloids are always gases.

Answer

Metals are non-magnetic, non-metals are magnetic, metalloids are always liquids.

Question 39

Rows on the periodic table are called periods, and columns are called groups because:

Accepted Answer

Rows represent repeating patterns of properties, and columns group elements with similar properties.

Answer

Rows group elements with similar properties, and columns show repeating patterns.

Answer

Rows and columns are named randomly.

Answer

Rows and columns are named after scientists.

Question 40

How does the arrangement of the periodic table reflect properties of elements?

Accepted Answer

It groups elements with similar properties together.

Answer

It arranges elements in alphabetical order.

Answer

It separates metals and nonmetals randomly.

Answer

It lists elements by their discovery date.

Question 41

What clues in the chemical formula or names help you identify if a compound is ionic, covalent, or metallic?

Accepted Answer

The presence of metals and nonmetals, prefixes in names, and the type of elements involved

Answer

The color of the compound

Answer

The physical state at room temperature

Answer

The taste of the compound

Question 42

How would you use oxidation numbers to write a chemical formula from element names?

Accepted Answer

By balancing the total positive and negative oxidation numbers to zero.

Answer

By adding the atomic numbers of the elements.

Answer

By arranging the elements alphabetically.

Answer

By using only the first letter of each element.

Question 43

Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. The metric unit for mass is _______________.

Accepted Answer

gram

Answer

liter

Answer

meter

Answer

second

Question 44

Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. Ductility is the property of a metal that allows it to be drawn into _______________.

Accepted Answer

wires

Answer

sheets

Answer

powder

Answer

blocks

Question 45

Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. A _______________ property can be observed without changing the substance.

Accepted Answer

physical

Answer

chemical

Answer

atomic

Answer

magnetic

Question 46

Fill in the blank with the correct word or phrase. A _______________ property can only be observed by changing the substance.

Accepted Answer

chemical

Answer

physical

Answer

intensive

Answer

extensive

Question 47

The process used to separate a heterogeneous mixture like sand and water is ____________.

Accepted Answer

filtration

Answer

evaporation

Answer

distillation

Answer

sublimation

Question 48

7. Elements and compounds are examples of ____________ substances.

Accepted Answer

pure

Answer

mixture

Answer

impure

Answer

complex

Question 49

8. The atomic number equals the number of ____________ in an atom.

Accepted Answer

protons

Answer

neutrons

Answer

electrons

Answer

nuclei

Question 50

9. The nucleus of an atom contains ____________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

protons, neutrons

Answer

electrons, protons

Answer

electrons, neutrons

Answer

protons, electrons

Question 51

10. Electrons are found ____________ the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

outside

Answer

inside

Answer

on top of

Answer

beneath

Question 52

11. Rows on the periodic table are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

periods

Answer

groups

Answer

families

Answer

blocks

Question 53

12. Columns on the periodic table are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

groups

Answer

periods

Answer

rows

Answer

families

Question 54

In an ionic bond, electrons are ____________ from one atom to another.

Accepted Answer

transferred

Answer

shared

Answer

created

Answer

destroyed

Question 55

In a covalent bond, electrons are ____________ between atoms.

Accepted Answer

shared

Answer

transferred

Answer

lost

Answer

gained

Question 56

The suffix used for the second element in an ionic compound is ____________.

Accepted Answer

-ide

Answer

-ate

Answer

-ite

Answer

-ous

Question 57

16. ____________ is the process of a substance reacting with oxygen to form a new substance, like rust.

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Sublimation

Answer

Fermentation

Question 58

The prefixes for the metric system from kilo- down through milli- with their values are:

Accepted Answer

kilo- ( $$10^3$$ ), hecto- ( $$10^2$$ ), deca- ( $$10^1$$ ), deci- ( $$10^{-1}$$ ), centi- ( $$10^{-2}$$ ), milli- ( $$10^{-3}$$ )

Answer

kilo- ( $$10^2$$ ), hecto- ( $$10^3$$ ), deca- ( $$10^1$$ ), deci- ( $$10^{-2}$$ ), centi- ( $$10^{-1}$$ ), milli- ( $$10^{-3}$$ )

Answer

kilo- (10 $$10^3$$ ), hecto- (10 $$10^1$$ ), deca- (10 $$10^2$$ ), deci- (10 $$10^{-1}$$ ), centi- (10 $$10^{-3}$$ ), milli- (10 $$10^{-2}$$ )

Answer

kilo- ( $$10^1$$ ), hecto- ( $$10^2$$ ), deca- ( $$10^3$$ ), deci- ( $$10^{-2}$$ ), centi- ( $$10^{-1}$$ ), milli- ( $$10^{-3}$$ )

Question 59

Which of the following lists contains only intrinsic (intensive) properties and extrinsic (extensive) properties, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Density, temperature, color; mass, volume, length

Answer

Mass, volume, length; density, temperature, color

Answer

Density, mass, color; temperature, volume, length

Answer

Temperature, mass, length; density, color, volume

Question 60

Which of the following lists contains three examples each of physical and chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Physical: color, density, melting point; Chemical: flammability, reactivity, rusting

Answer

Physical: flammability, reactivity, rusting; Chemical: color, density, melting point

Answer

Physical: boiling point, solubility, combustibility; Chemical: hardness, luster, malleability

Answer

Physical: taste, odor, combustibility; Chemical: boiling point, solubility, density

Question 61

Which of the following lists the types of mixtures and gives an example of each?

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous - salt water; Heterogeneous - salad

Answer

Homogeneous - salad; Heterogeneous - salt water

Answer

Homogeneous - oil and water; Heterogeneous - air

Answer

Homogeneous - sand; Heterogeneous - sugar solution

Question 62

List all the subatomic particles and where each is located in the atom.

Accepted Answer

Protons, neutrons (in the nucleus), electrons (in the electron cloud)

Answer

Protons, electrons (in the nucleus), neutrons (in the electron cloud)

Answer

Only protons and electrons (in the nucleus)

Answer

Only neutrons (in the electron cloud)

Question 63

List the four major families or groups on the periodic table.

Accepted Answer

Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases

Answer

Transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, metalloids

Answer

Nonmetals, semimetals, post-transition metals, noble gases

Answer

Alkali metals, transition metals, halogens, lanthanides

Question 64

List three separation techniques for mixtures.

Accepted Answer

Filtration, evaporation, and distillation

Answer

Melting, freezing, and boiling

Answer

Photosynthesis, respiration, and combustion

Answer

Addition, subtraction, and multiplication

Physical Science Final Exam Study Guide

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