Critical Review in Philippine History

Which of the following best describes José Rizal's approach to colonial resistance?

• Violent rebellion

• Nonviolent reform through education and writing

• Isolation from political activity

• Collaboration with the Spanish authorities

Why is Andres Bonifacio not considered the first Philippine president despite leading the Katipunan?

• He was not elected through formal means

• He never claimed the title of president

• Emilio Aguinaldo had greater Spanish support

• He died before independence was declared

What sets Melchora Aquino, or “Tandang Sora,” apart as a revolutionary figure?

• She wrote anti-Spanish poems

• She led a women's battalion

• She provided food and shelter to the Katipuneros

• She was elected as the Katipunan president

Why did Apolinario Mabini earn the title “The Sublime Paralytic”?

• He led a naval resistance while paralyzed

• He continued to govern and write political doctrines despite being paralyzed

• He was paralyzed due to torture

• He died in battle without ever walking

What ideological difference did Mabini have with Aguinaldo’s leadership?

• Mabini wanted to ally with America

• He pushed for a monarchic system

• He opposed elite dominance and cronyism

• He supported annexation to Spain

Why did Gabriela Silang emerge as a unique figure in Philippine revolutionary history?

• She was the first woman elected in the government

• She fought with her husband and continued after his death

• She was a spy for the Americans

• She was a religious leader turned rebel

What distinguishes Macario Sakay’s resistance movement after the Philippine-American War?

• He surrendered and collaborated with Americans

• He declared himself President of the Tagalog Republic

• He was a traitor to Aguinaldo

• He led peaceful negotiations with Americans

What was the primary reason José Rizal was executed by the Spanish government?

• He led a direct revolt

• He refused to convert to Catholicism

• His writings were accused of inciting rebellion

• He killed a Spanish friar

Who was the Filipino hero known as the “Brains of the Revolution”?

• Emilio Aguinaldo

• Marcelo H. del Pilar

• Apolinario Mabini

• Antonio Luna

What was the most significant contribution of Marcelo H. del Pilar to the Philippine propaganda movement?

• He created revolutionary weapons

• He founded the Katipunan

• He published satirical and anti-friar articles in La Solidaridad

• He trained Filipino soldiers in Spain