Early Church and Medieval Christianity Final Exam

What major event took place in 410 A.D.?

• The establishment of the Nicene Creed

• The fall of the Western Roman Empire

• The sack of Rome by the Visigoths

• The conversion of Constantine

Who is known for opposing Arius and promoting the belief in the full divinity of Christ?

• Augustine

• Athanasius

• Tertullian

• Jerome

What is one reason the Middle Ages are referred to as the "dark ages"?

• Cultural and economic decline

• Rapid scientific advancement

• High levels of literacy

• The spread of democracy

Who is considered one of the earliest Christian martyrs, whose story is told in detail in a famous text?

• Ignatius of Antioch

• Perpetua

• Polycarp

• Justin Martyr

Apollinarianism was rejected primarily because it:

• Denied the reality of Christ’s suffering.

• Conflicted with the understanding of Christ as fully human.

• Suggested that God could not suffer.

• Supported Gnostic beliefs about knowledge.

Which of these heresies maintains that Jesus was fully divine but did not truly become human?

• Docetism

• Eutychianism

• Arianism

• Adoptionism

What is the central belief of Eutychianism (also known as Monophysitism)?

• Christ is one Divine Person with two natures, divine and human.

• Christ has one divine nature that absorbed His human nature.

• Christ was only a man, later made divine.

• Christ existed as a created being before His incarnation.

Apollinarianism argues that:

• Jesus had a human body but a divine mind.

• Jesus was both divine and human equally.

• The divine nature of Christ overwhelmed and eliminated His human nature.

• Jesus was a man filled with divine attributes.

Adoptionism teaches that:

• Jesus was adopted as the Son of God at His baptism.

• Christ’s divine nature was imparted to Him at His resurrection.

• God temporarily took on human form in Jesus.

• Jesus was God from birth but lost His divinity.

Arianism claims that:

• Jesus is fully God and fully man.

• Jesus was a created being and not co-eternal with the Father.

• The Holy Spirit is subordinate to the Son.

• All three persons of the Trinity are identical in function.