Climate Change & Migration

What does the term “Anthropocene” refer to?

• A period of rapid industrialisation

• The current epoch marked by significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems

• The period following the last Ice Age

• The era when humans first evolved

What is the main driver of global warming since the 19th century?

• Natural climate variability

• Solar radiation

• Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions

• Volcanic activity

When did relative international consensus on climate change emerge?

• In the 1980s

• In the 1990s

• In the 1970s

• It hasn’t emerged yet

What is the central goal of the Paris Agreement (2015)?

• Halt all fossil fuel production by 2040

• Reduce CO₂ emissions by 50% in developed countries

• Keep global temperature rise well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C

• Ensure all countries reach net zero by 2030

What does the term emissions gap refer to?

• The difference between emissions from developed and developing countries

• The gap between current greenhouse gas emissions and the historical average

• The shortfall between projected emissions under current policies and the levels needed to limit global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C

• The difference in carbon emissions between urban and rural areas

Which of the following is a key principle of Green International Relations (IR)?

• Sovereignty should be absolute and unchallenged

• States should prioritise military power above all else

• Ecological systems have intrinsic value and should be included in political analysis

• Free trade will automatically solve environmental problems

What is meant by the “planetary boundaries” concept?

• Borders of states that are vulnerable to sea-level rise

• Economic limits to international trade

• Safe environmental limits within which humanity can operate

• Outer limits of Earth’s orbit

What is the name of the mechanism in the Paris Agreement that encourages countries to strengthen their climate commitments every five years?

• Loss and Damage Facility

• Ratchet mechanism

• Kyoto Protocol

• Climate Compliance Board

Which of the following best describes the idea of “degrowth” in Green IR?

• Reducing GDP growth in developed countries to avoid recession

• Limiting trade with high-emitting nations

• Downscaling production and consumption to improve well-being and ecological health

• Encouraging population decline to reduce carbon emissions

According to Green IR scholars, why does the state-centric Westphalian model fall short in addressing climate change?

• Because it lacks enforceable laws

• Because it ignores power struggles

• Because greenhouse gas emissions transcend borders and ecological systems don’t align with state boundaries

• Because it doesn’t value free markets