What type of process is language acquisition?

• conscious

• subconscious

Which aspects of language are most affected by age?

• Vocabulary acquisition and grammatical accuracy

• Pronunciation and ability to acquire a native-like accent

• Reading comprehension and writing fluency

• Listening skills and speech rate

What is the main characteristic of fossilization?

• A learner through practice can acquire L2

• A learner may not reach a native-like accent during L2 learning

• Some errors become permanent even with exposure

• L1 affects how L2 is learned

Why do people make errors during L2 learning?

• People are lazy

• Patterns from L1 affect L2 learning

• there are some languages which don't have an alphabet

Which of the following best describes the main principle of the acculturation model in second language acquisition?

• Language learning is solely determined by a learner's age and cognitive abilities

• Language learning is most effective when learners are fully immersed in grammar instruction

• Language learning success depends on the learner’s social and psychological integration into the target language community

• Language learning outcomes are unrelated to cultural adaptation or interpersonal relationships

What does Wes’s case study illustrate about language learning through the Cognitive Interactionist Approach?

• High motivation and immersion alone are enough to develop both fluency and grammar.

• Interaction and motivation support fluency, but attention to language form is needed for grammatical development.

• Grammar develops automatically if learners are exposed to a second language for several years.

According to Swain's Output Hypothesis, why is language production essential for acquisition?

• It helps learners memorize vocabulary through repetition.

• It provides more comprehensible input through listening and reading

• It encourages learners to pay attention to grammar and identify gaps in their knowledge