Unit 1 W25

The design and construction of a project involves several professional and managerial roles. A site manager is needed during the construction phase of a project. (a) Describe two responsibilities of a site manager.

• - Responsible for coordinating construction site activities - Manages the progress of the site and undertakes site meetings - Organises resources of labour, plant and materials - Undertakes the day-to-day activities on site - Responsible for health and safety on site and for the welfare of workers.

• - Designs the architectural plans and drawings for the project - Approves the final project budget and client contracts - Handles the legal documentation and land acquisition processes - Oversees the marketing and sales of the completed project.

• - Conducts geological surveys and soil testing - Provides interior design and decoration services - Manages the catering and food services for workers - Handles the landscaping and gardening of the site.

• - Negotiates with government officials for project permits - Develops the software for project management - Provides training for all construction machinery - Handles the transportation of finished goods to market.

Identify two other managerial or professional roles involved in the design and construction of a project.

• Designer / architect, Civil / structural engineer, Surveyor, Quantity surveyor, Any other reasonable response

• Electrician, Plumber, Carpenter, Mason

• Painter, Roofer, Landscaper, Tiler

• Foreman, Laborer, Welder, Crane operator

Describe one responsibility associated with each of the roles identified in question 1 part (b). Roles include: Designer/architect, Civil and structural engineer, Surveyor, and Quantity surveyor. Award one mark for a limited description and two marks for a full description of each responsibility (up to a maximum of 4 marks).

• Designer/architect: designs new buildings and/or renovations or changes existing buildings; regulations, legislation and environmental requirements; manages the post design stages of the project for the client. Civil and structural engineer: designs, plans and manages certain types of construction projects; solves design and development problems; produces a structural solution in terms of the design codes (Building Regulations or British Standards); assesses potential risks within a project. Surveyor: surveys land, measuring existing features of the natural and built environment; sets out construction works in accordance with the drawings and specification; produces built data and drawings for architects and structural engineers. Quantity surveyor: responsible for aspects of the financial management of a project; produces a final account at the end of a project; responsible for the control of budgets and control of cost.

• Designer/architect: only responsible for interior decoration; Civil and structural engineer: only supervises workers; Surveyor: only draws sketches; Quantity surveyor: only purchases materials.

• Designer/architect: manages only the landscaping; Civil and structural engineer: only checks the weather; Surveyor: only takes photographs; Quantity surveyor: only handles payroll.

• Designer/architect: responsible for marketing the building; Civil and structural engineer: only paints the site office; Surveyor: only manages the cafeteria; Quantity surveyor: only organizes meetings.

The superstructure is an important element of a low-rise building. (a) List four other elements of a low-rise building.

• wall cladding, roof finishes (accept roof), substructure, foundations, ground floor

• roof trusses, curtain walls, suspended ceilings, attic fans

• elevators, escalators, fire alarms, security cameras

• solar panels, skylights, rainwater tanks, wind turbines

Identify three functions of an external wall.

• structure, insulation, cladding, waterproofing, any other reasonable response

• decoration, lighting, plumbing, painting, any other unreasonable response

• roofing, flooring, landscaping, gardening, any other unrelated response

• window cleaning, carpet installation, elevator operation, parking, any other irrelevant response

Describe how the following raw materials are processed to make common building materials: (a) natural clay minerals

• natural clay minerals are crushed, shaped, dried and then fired in ovens to produce bricks

• natural clay minerals are mixed with sand and poured into molds to make glass

• natural clay minerals are melted and cooled rapidly to form steel beams

• natural clay minerals are dissolved in acid to produce concrete

Describe how the following raw materials are processed to make common building materials: (b) metals

• metals are melted down, formed or extruded into items such as electric cable and water/gas pipes

• metals are mixed with sand and water to form concrete blocks

• metals are woven into fabric for insulation purposes

• metals are cut into thin sheets and glued together to make plywood

Describe how the following raw materials are processed to make common building materials: (c) timber/logs

• felled logs are cut into ‘boards’ and then seasoned to remove excess water. Used to create joists or beams

• logs are melted and poured into molds to form bricks

• timber is dissolved in acid to create insulation material

• logs are compressed into sheets without drying

Which of the following is a benefit that could be taken into account to reduce the risk of a new city centre fast train line and stations project being turned down at the planning stage?

• Improved public transport connectivity

• Increased traffic congestion

• Higher pollution levels

• Reduced access to public spaces

Construction projects may include a variety of building types each with their own characteristics. Complete the table below. The first row has been completed for you.

Award one mark for each correctly identified characteristic and one mark for building example (Up to a maximum of 9 marks)

Which of the following options correctly matches the building types with their characteristics and examples?

Building Type: Residential
Two characteristics: are among the smallest types of building; often vary by location with multi-dwelling structures such as apartment blocks in urban areas and single detached properties in rural areas
Building example: Home

Building Type: Industrial
Two characteristics: are usually large buildings, adapted to specific functions; are often used for storing, processing, engineering or manufacturing materials; may be part of a new development, such as in a modern industrial park, or a refurbished older building or site
Building example: Warehouse

Building Type: Agricultural
Two characteristics: are associated with farming and the agricultural industry; may be older buildings constructed using traditional materials and techniques; may be large modern buildings, designed to suit a particular function and the rural landscape/environment in which they are situated
Building example: Barn

Building Type: Community
Two characteristics: are used by members of a community; are usually located in a convenient location for the community using the building; may be modern or older buildings, sometimes converted to enable a change of use
Building example: Village hall

• Residential: are among the smallest types of building; often vary by location with multi-dwelling structures such as apartment blocks in urban areas and single detached properties in rural areas; Home Industrial: are usually large buildings, adapted to specific functions; are often used for storing, processing, engineering or manufacturing materials; may be part of a new development, such as in a modern industrial park, or a refurbished older building or site; Warehouse Agricultural: are associated with farming and the agricultural industry; may be older buildings constructed using traditional materials and techniques; may be large modern buildings, designed to suit a particular function and the rural landscape/environment in which they are situated; Barn Community: are used by members of a community; are usually located in a convenient location for the community using the building; may be modern or older buildings, sometimes converted to enable a change of use; Village hall

• Residential: are usually large buildings, adapted to specific functions; are often used for storing, processing, engineering or manufacturing materials; Warehouse Industrial: are among the smallest types of building; often vary by location with multi-dwelling structures such as apartment blocks in urban areas and single detached properties in rural areas; Home Agricultural: are used by members of a community; are usually located in a convenient location for the community using the building; Village hall Community: are associated with farming and the agricultural industry; may be older buildings constructed using traditional materials and techniques; Barn

• Residential: are associated with farming and the agricultural industry; may be older buildings constructed using traditional materials and techniques; Barn Industrial: are used by members of a community; are usually located in a convenient location for the community using the building; Village hall Agricultural: are among the smallest types of building; often vary by location with multi-dwelling structures such as apartment blocks in urban areas and single detached properties in rural areas; Home Community: are usually large buildings, adapted to specific functions; are often used for storing, processing, engineering or manufacturing materials; Warehouse

• Residential: are used by members of a community; are usually located in a convenient location for the community using the building; Village hall Industrial: are associated with farming and the agricultural industry; may be older buildings constructed using traditional materials and techniques; Barn Agricultural: are usually large buildings, adapted to specific functions; are often used for storing, processing, engineering or manufacturing materials; Warehouse Community: are among the smallest types of building; often vary by location with multi-dwelling structures such as apartment blocks in urban areas and single detached properties in rural areas; Home