Chapter 9 6-8.AH.1.PC.A Alexander Hamilton, “Report on the Public Credit,” “. . .[A]n assumption of the debts of the particular States by the Union, and a like provision for them as for those of the Union, will be a measure of sound policy and substantial justice. “It would, in the opinion of the Secretary, contribute, in an eminent degree, to an orderly, stable, and satisfactory arrangement of the national finances. . . .[N]o greater revenue will be required whether that provision be made wholly by the United States, or partly by them and partly by the States separately. . . “If all the public creditors receive their dues from one source, distributed with an equal hand, their interest will be the same. And, having the same interests, they will unite in the support of the fiscal arrangements of the Government. . . These circumstances combined will insure to the revenue laws a more ready and more satisfactory execution. . .” —Alexander Hamilton, “Report on the Public Credit,” January 1790 In this excerpt, what does Alexander Hamilton argue that the new United States government should do?

pay off the Confederation government’s debts

only pay off Confederation government debts to foreign countries

only pay off Confederation debts to individual citizens

refuse to pay debts from the Revolutionary War

Chapter 9 6-8.AH.1.PC.A Alexander Hamilton, “Report on the Public Credit,” “. . .[A]n assumption of the debts of the particular States by the Union, and a like provision for them as for those of the Union, will be a measure of sound policy and substantial justice. “It would, in the opinion of the Secretary, contribute, in an eminent degree, to an orderly, stable, and satisfactory arrangement of the national finances. . . .[N]o greater revenue will be required whether that provision be made wholly by the United States, or partly by them and partly by the States separately. . . “If all the public creditors receive their dues from one source, distributed with an equal hand, their interest will be the same. And, having the same interests, they will unite in the support of the fiscal arrangements of the Government. . . These circumstances combined will insure to the revenue laws a more ready and more satisfactory execution. . .” —Alexander Hamilton, “Report on the Public Credit,” January 1790 What does Alexander Hamilton believe will happen if all public creditors are paid equally?

They will support the government’s management of national finances.

They will reinvest their money in the government.

They will support the Federalist Party.

They will support the Republican Party.

Chapter 9 6-8.AH.1.PC.A “The President was conducted out of the middle window into the gallery [overlooking Wall Street], and the oath was administered by the Chancellor [the highest judicial officer in the state of New York]. Notice that the business done was communicated to the crowd by proclamation...who gave three cheers, and repeated it on the President’s bowing to them. “As the company returned into the Senate chamber, the President took the chair and the Senators and Representatives took their seats. He rose, and all arose also, and [he] addressed them. The great man was agitated and embarrassed more than ever he was by the leveled cannon or pointed musket. He trembled, and several times could scarce make out to read, though it must be supposed he had often read it before...[I wished] that this first of men had read off his address in the plainest manner, without ever taking his eyes from the paper, for I felt hurt that he was not first in everything.” —Senator William Maclay of Pennsylvania, April 30, 1789 Which statement best describes Senator Maclay’s impression of George Washington at this first inaugural event?

He was disappointed by Washington’s nervousness.

He enjoyed Washington’s easy rapport with the audience.

He was confused by the contradictions in Washington’s speech.

He was impressed by Washington’s powerful speech.

Chapter 10 AH.1.EC.A Many of the pioneers set up farms along rivers that fed into the Upper Mississippi River. Farmers needed access to the Mississippi to transport their crops to markets. Their goods traveled down the Mississippi to New Orleans, where workers loaded them onto other ships bound for markets on the East Coast. The Spanish controlled the region, but they allowed the Americans to sail on the Lower Mississippi and trade in New Orleans. For the western farmers, this agreement was vital to their economic survival. —Discovering Our Past: A History of the United States Which details in this passage support Thomas Jefferson's concern that the Mississippi River was vital to the American economy? Select all that apply.

Americans conducted trade in the city of New Orleans.

American farmers relied on the Mississippi River to transport their goods to market.

Americans were allowed to sail on the Mississippi River.

American farmers sold their goods in markets on the East Coast.

American settlers set up farms along tributaries of the Mississippi River.

Chapter 10 6-8.AH.1.EC.A "I know that the acquisition of Louisiana has been disapproved by some . . . that the enlargement of our territory would endanger its union. . . . The larger our association the less it will be shaken by local passions; and in any view is it not better that the opposite bank of the Mississippi should be settled by our own brethren and children than by strangers of another family?" —Thomas Jefferson in his Second Inaugural Address A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897, by James D. Richardson, Volume I. Copyright © 1896 by the United States Government Printing Office. According to Jefferson, how will the United States benefit from the addition of the Louisiana Territory? Select all that apply.

The added territory will help reduce sectional tensions.

The added territory will reduce foreign threats to the nation.

The nation will become too big to manage effectively.

The nation will have room for its growing population.

The added territory will strengthen family ties among the population.

Chapter 11 6-8.AH.1.CC.E “Sometimes our waylay for miles through marshes, which we crossed by courduroy-roads. . . At others the coach stuck fast in mud, from which it could be [moved] only by the combined efforts of the coachman and passengers; at one place we traveled . . . through a forest flooded with water, which stood to a height of several feet.” —David Stevenson, describing a typical stagecoach journey Stevenson, David. Sketch of the Civil Engineering of North America. London: John Weale, 1859. “My children gave out with cold and fatigue and could not travel, and the boys had to unhitch the oxen and bring them and carry the children on to camp. It was so cold and numb I could not tell by feeling that I had any feet at all. . . . I have not told you half we suffered.” —Elizabeth Smith Geer, describing winter travel in her diary "Diary of Mrs. Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer," in Transactions of the Thirty-First Annual Reunion of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1903. Copyright © 1904 by Peaslee Bros. Compare the two descriptions and decide which statement below is the most accurate about travel in the early 1800s.

Travel often could be very difficult, especially for families.

Carriages and wagons made travel easy in all seasons.

Flooded areas and cold weather rarely occurred.

Travel was not particularly tiring for families.

Chapter 11 6-8.AH.1.CC.E "Sir, I am ashamed to pursue this line of remark. I dislike it, I have an utter disgust for it. I would rather hear of natural blasts and mildews, war, pestilence, and famine, than to hear gentlemen talk of secession. To break up this great government! to dismember this glorious country! to astonish Europe with an act of folly such as Europe for two centuries has never beheld in any government or any people! No, Sir! no, Sir! There will be no secession! Gentlemen are not serious when they talk of secession . . ." —Daniel Webster, The Seventh of March Speech, March 7, 1850 The Works of Daniel Webster, Volume V. Copyright © 1851 by Charles C. Little and James Brown. Based on this quote, which descriptions fit Daniel Webster? Select all that apply.

He believed in the unity of the nation.

He recognized the dangers of sectionalism.

He strongly supported states' rights.

He believed strongly in the Constitution.

He supported the Second Bank of the United States.

Chapter 11 6-8.AH.1.CC.E How did this invention change life in the United States? Select all that apply.

Cities along major rivers experienced growth.

Moving people and goods became cheaper and faster.

People and goods were able to travel against the river current.

Cities were established in the land west of the Mississippi River.

Goods could more easily move between the Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes.

Chapter 12 6-8.AH.1.EC.A “[W]hen laws . . . make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society—the farmers, mechanics, and laborers—who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government.” —President Andrew Jackson, to Congress, 1832 President Andrew Jackson , Bank Veto Message, July 10, 1832, Andrew Jackson papers, 1775-1874, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. In this passage, what argument does Jackson make against the Bank of the United States?

He feels that it excludes ordinary U.S. citizens.

He feels that it is poorly run.

He feels that it makes bad investments.

He feels that it serves the interests of foreign governments.

Chapter 12 6-8.AH.1.EC.A "make the rich richer, and the potent more powerful-the humble members of society, the farmers, mechanics, and laborers, who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government." —President Andrew Jackson, Bank Veto Message, July 10, 1832 President Andrew Jackson , Bank Veto Message, July 10, 1832, Andrew Jackson papers, 1775-1874, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Based on this passage, with which statements would President Jackson agree? Select all that apply.

The Bank of the United States did not serve the interests of all Americans.

The Bank of the United States did not live up to the Constitution's promise of equality for all.

The Bank of the United States limited opportunities for advancement for common people.

The Bank of the United States had the support of a majority of Americans.

The Bank of the United States benefited the government and citizens equally.

Chapter 13 6-8.AH.1.G.C “It is time now for opposition to the annexation of Texas to cease. . . “Other nations have undertaken to intrude themselves into it, between us and the proper parties to the case, in a spirit of hostile interference against us, for the avowed object of thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.” —John L. O’Sullivan, United States Magazine and Democratic Review, July 1845 The United States Magazine and Democratic Review. Copyright © 1845 by Henry G. Langley. In this passage, O’Sullivan describes “manifest destiny” as the right of

the United States to expand its territory across North America.

other nations to oppose the actions of the United States.

New Mexico and California to become independent republics.

Texas to become part of the United States.

Chapter 13 6-8.AH.1.G.C Based on the map, which of the following statements support the concept of Manifest Destiny? Select all that apply.

The Oregon Trail stretches almost to the Pacific Ocean.

The United States adds more territory to its southwest border.

American settlements move west of the Rocky Mountains.

The United States focused on building up the territory it currently had.

Americans flock to cities along the Mississippi River.

Chapter 14 6-8.AH.1.PC.B In general, farmers and the few manufacturers of the South relied on natural waterways to transport their goods. Most towns were located on coasts or along rivers because canals were scarce and roads were poor. Southern rail lines were short, local, and not linked together. The South had fewer railroads than the North. This caused Southern cities to grow more slowly than Northern cities, where railways were major routes of commerce and settlement. The rail networks in the North also gave Northern manufacturers an advantage over their Southern competitors. Lower shipping costs allowed Northerners to charge less for their goods. By 1860, only about one-third of the nation’s rail lines lay within the South. This rail shortage would hurt the South in the years to come. —Discovering Our Past: A History of the United States Based on this passage, which developments in transportation might have improved the economy in the South? Select all that apply.

expanding and linking railroad lines

extending and improving the condition of roadways

building faster and larger cargo ships

reducing shipping fees to be more competitive

creating coastal sea routes to encourage migration

Chapter 14 6-8.AH.1.PC.B "There is another way in which the general opinion―that women are inferior to men―is manifested [shown], that bears with tremendous effect on the laboring class and indeed on almost all who are obliged to earn a subsistence [living] . . . A woman who goes out to wash works as hard in proportion as a wood sawyer or a coal heaver, but she is not generally able to make more than half as much by a day's work." ―Sarah M. Grimké, Letters of the Equality of the sexes and the Condition of Women, 1838 Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman, by Sarah Grimke. Copyright © 1838 by Isaac Knapp. In this excerpt, what does Sarah Grimké state is the “general opinion”?

that women are inferior workers

that women are obliged to earn a living

Chapter 15 6-8.AH.1.GS.A "BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, That each town or district within this Commonwealth, containing fifty families, or householders, shall be provided with a teacher or teachers, of good morals, to instruct children in orthography [spelling], reading, writing, English grammar, geography, arithmetic, and good behaviour, for such term of time as shall be equivalent to six months for one school in each year. . ." —From The General Laws of Massachusetts, from June 1822, to June 1827 The General Laws of Massachusetts, from June 1822, to June 1827, Vol. III, edited by Theron Metcalf. Copyright © 1827 by Wells and Lilly. Which statements are supported by this passage? Select all that apply.

Massachusetts had a system of compulsory public education.

Massachusetts’ schools taught behavioral skills as well as academic skills.

Massachusetts’ schools had more boys in attendance than girls.

Massachusetts’ schools denied African Americans the right to attend.

Massachusetts established the first state-supported normal school in the United States.

8th Grade Common Assessment August 2024

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 1 6-8.AH.1.G.A According to the map, what was the starting point for all prehistoric American migration?

Africa

North America

Asia

South America

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 2 6-8.AH.1.G.A According to the map, along which type of geographic feature were Father Kino’s missions established?

Coasts

Mountain Ranges

Deserts

Rivers

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 3 6-8.AH.1.G.B Based on the picture of Bacon’s Rebellion, and the quote from Bacon, what can be concluded about Bacon's supporters? Select all that apply.

The supporters felt the laws protected easterners and westerners equally

The supporters felt the Virginia government only protected easterners

The supporters felt westerners had no voice in the making of laws.

The supporters were only there because they were getting paid.

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 4 AH.1.GS.A What were some of the restrictions of the slave codes? Select all that apply.

Written permission to leave plantation

Could not teach to read or write

Could not move about freely or gather in large groups.

Forced to change their name.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 5 6-8.AH.1.CC.A Place the events leading to the Declaration of Independence in chronological order from first to last. A-British win the Battle of Bunker hill, B-Second continental congress meets, C- Thomas Paine publishes common sense, D-Delegates sign the Declaration of Independence.

A,C,D,B

B,C,D,A

D,B,A,C

B,A,C,D

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 6 6-8.AH.1.CC.B "I can not say that I think you [are] very generous to the Ladies, for whilst you are proclaiming peace and good will to Men, Emancipating all Nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over Wives." —from Adams Family Papers Adams, Abigail Smith. The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, 1762--1784. Edited by L. H. Butterfield et al. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975. Which phrases from the quote show that the ideals of the revolution did not apply equally to all groups? Select all that apply.

“I cannot say that I think you [are] very generous to the Ladies, . . .”

“. . .you are proclaiming peace and good will to Men, . . .”

“. . .Emancipating all nations, . . .”

“. . .you insist upon retaining an absolute power over Wives.”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Chapter 7 6-8.AH.1.CC.D Article II "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled." Article III "The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever." What does a “firm league of friendship” imply for the relationship of the states?

States can pick to which states they want to be helpful.

States can help one another only in desperate situations.

States must unite together to protect each other for their mutual well-being.

States can rely on another state only when it is beneficial for the states involved.

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