UNIT 3 FINAL REVIEW

Describe how the Baroque era was an era of grand/absolute monarchy regarding music.

• Large musical establishments at palaces. Strong evolution of Baroque opera. Operas often told stories of gods and heroes of antiquity. All art, culture served rulers. Elaborate musical establishments; opera troupes, chapel choirs, orchestras.

• Music was primarily performed in small, private gatherings with little influence from the monarchy.

• The Baroque era saw a decline in musical innovation and a focus on folk traditions.

• Music was mostly improvised and rarely written down, with little involvement from rulers.

Solo song with instrumental accompaniment is called ______ meaning 'one song'.

• monody

• polyphony

• harmony

• cantata

Definition of 'Baroque'.

• irregularly shaped

• perfectly symmetrical

• modern and minimalistic

• ancient and primitive

In what way did music change in the Baroque era?

• Shift from polyphony to homophony. Simple melody and chords. Melody that moved freely over a foundation of simple chords. Enrich dramatic power of the text. Led to drama through music.

• Music became entirely instrumental with no vocal works.

• Composers abandoned harmony in favor of monophonic texture.

• Music was only performed in private homes and never in churches.

Aristocrats whose focus was meant to resurrect the dramatic arts of the ancient Greeks were called the ______.

• camerata

• virtuosi

• impressionists

• futurists

What were some musical innovations that occurred during the Baroque era?

• Figured bass, major and minor tonalities, equal temperament

• Twelve-tone serialism, electronic music, aleatoric music

• Minimalism, jazz improvisation, hip hop beats

• Gregorian chant, organum, isorhythm

What were the performance ideals in Europe?

• All European art. Exorcism in opera, internationalization, discovery and experimentation, elements that made humans equal.

• Only religious rituals and ceremonies were considered performance ideals.

• Performance ideals focused solely on traditional folk dances.

• Performance ideals were limited to military parades and royal events.

What role did women play in music and what were potential consequences?

• Few possibilities for creative women, operatic professionals, nuns.

• Women dominated all musical professions and composed most symphonies.

• Women were only allowed to play instruments in public orchestras.

• Women were banned from any involvement in music, including singing and composing.

Describe the components of an opera.

• Recitative- musical speech that declares action; Aria- highly melodic song that expresses emotion and drama; Ensemble- different groupings of characters singing together; Overture- instrumental introduction to opera; Librettist- person who wrote the script; Composer- writes the musical portion.

• Recitative- a type of dance; Aria- a spoken dialogue; Ensemble- only solo performances; Overture- a vocal introduction; Librettist- person who conducts; Composer- writes the lyrics.

• Recitative- a silent act; Aria- a background instrument; Ensemble- a stage prop; Overture- a costume change; Librettist- person who designs sets; Composer- writes the choreography.

• Recitative- a lighting effect; Aria- a curtain call; Ensemble- a group of dancers; Overture- a food menu; Librettist- person who manages tickets; Composer- writes the program notes.

What were some accomplishments of Chiara Margarita Cozzolani?

• Three collections of public music, circulated beyond convent

• She was a famous Baroque painter

• She invented a new musical instrument

• She was a renowned opera singer