Q1 - Week 1 - 3 Review

Which of the following best reflects the purpose of descriptive statistics?

• Predict future outcomes
• Determine cause-and-effect
• Summarize and organize data
• Test research hypotheses

A researcher measures reaction time in milliseconds. What level of measurement is this?

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

What makes a variable a confounding variable?

• It is intentionally manipulated by the researcher
• It explains the relationship between predictor and outcome
• It influences both the predictor and the outcome, potentially biasing results
• It changes the strength or direction of the relationship between X and Y

In a study, anxiety level is thought to change the effect of stress on performance. What is the role of anxiety here?

• Mediator
• Outcome
• Moderator
• Confounder

When constructing a histogram for test scores, which axis should represent the possible score intervals?

• W-axis

• X-axis
• Y-axis
• Z-axis

A teacher records the preferred learning style of each student (visual, auditory, kinesthetic). What type of variable is this?

• Ordinal
• Ratio
• Interval
• Nominal

If the weight of children is recorded in kilograms, what level of measurement is this?

• Ordinal
• Ratio
• Nominal
• Interval

A right-skewed distribution implies that the:

• Mean is less than the median
• Mean is greater than the median
• Mean equals the median
• Mean and median are unrelated

Which measure is best used to describe the typical value in a nominal dataset?

• Median
• Mode
• Mean
• Range

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for visualizing the distribution of scores on a memory test (measured on a scale of 0 to 100)?

• Bar graph
• Histogram
• Pie chart
• Line graph