Biology SOL Unit 2.2 - Homeostasis in Living Organisms

Match each description with the correct function related to homeostasis in living organisms.

• Main function of homeostasis in living organisms

• To promote rapid changes in body temperature

• Function that results in more cells being produced

• To increase the rate of cell division

• Function that stops the body from expending energy

• To prevent the use of energy in the body

• Function that causes quick fluctuations in body temperature

• To maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes.

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(a)   involves mechanisms that counteract changes and restore the system to its set point in homeostasis.

• Maintaining Stability

• Regulating Variables

• Negative Feedback Loops

• Essential for Survival

Answer explanation

Negative feedback loops are mechanisms that detect changes in a system and initiate responses to counteract those changes, helping to maintain homeostasis and restore the system to its set point.

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Why is maintaining homeostasis essential for survival?

• It allows organisms to grow faster.

• It ensures that the body's systems can function properly.

• It increases the amount of glucose in the blood.

• It prevents the body from using hormones.

Answer explanation

Maintaining homeostasis is essential because it ensures that the body's systems can function properly. This balance allows for optimal performance of physiological processes, which is crucial for survival.

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Match each component with its correct role in a homeostasis control system.

• Detects changes in the environment

• Effectors

• Processes information and coordinates a response

• Coordination Centers

• Carries out the response to restore balance

• Receptors

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes.

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How does the body regulate blood sugar levels as part of homeostasis?

• By using the kidneys to filter glucose

• By releasing hormones like insulin and glucagon from the pancreas

• By increasing the heart rate

• By sweating to remove excess sugar

Answer explanation

The body regulates blood sugar levels through hormones like insulin and glucagon released from the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while glucagon raises it, maintaining homeostasis effectively.

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A student is investigating how the body responds to a drop in temperature. Which mechanism is most likely to be activated to maintain homeostasis?

• Increased sweating

• Shivering

• Decreased hormone production

• Increased blood sugar

Answer explanation

Shivering is the body's response to cold, generating heat through muscle contractions. This mechanism helps maintain homeostasis by raising body temperature, unlike increased sweating or decreased hormone production.

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A person’s body temperature rises above the normal range. Using your understanding of homeostasis, explain how the body would respond to restore normal temperature.

• The body would increase shivering to generate more heat.

• The sweat glands would become active to cool the body down.

• The pancreas would release more insulin.

• The kidneys would retain more water.

Answer explanation

When body temperature rises, the sweat glands become active to cool the body down through evaporation. This is a key homeostatic response, unlike shivering, which generates heat, or actions involving insulin and kidneys.

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Which organ acts as the thermoregulatory center in the body?

• Pancreas

• Kidneys

• Brain

• Heart

Answer explanation

The brain acts as the thermoregulatory center, regulating body temperature through mechanisms like sweating and shivering. It processes temperature information and initiates appropriate responses to maintain homeostasis.

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In​ (a)   environment, water coming in and going out of the cell is in equilibrium. In​ (b)   environment,

the cell loses excessive water and shrinks.

In​ (c)   environment, the cell loses excessive water and shrinks.

• isotonic

• hypotonic

• hypertonic

Answer explanation

In a hypertonic environment, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside, causing water to leave the cell, leading to shrinkage. In an isotonic environment, water movement is balanced, while in a hypotonic environment, the cell gains water.

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Why is the balance of water movement (isotonic condition) important for cell survival?

• It prevents the cell from exchanging nutrients.

• It ensures the cell does not gain or lose too much water, keeping it healthy.

• It causes the cell to swell and burst.

• It makes the cell lose all its nutrients.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that isotonic conditions maintain water balance, preventing excessive gain or loss of water, which is crucial for cell health and function.

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