Issues and debates

What is gender bias in psychological research?

• A fair representation of all genders

• Unfair representation based on stereotypes

• A focus on cultural differences

• A method to enhance gender equality

What does alpha bias in gender studies refer to?

• Exaggerating gender differences

• Minimising gender differences

• Ignoring gender differences

• Promoting gender equality

What is androcentrism?

• A female-centred perspective

• A gender-neutral perspective

• A male-centred perspective

• A child-centred perspective

What is the definition of determinism?

• All behaviour is caused by internal or external factors

• All behaviour is random

• Behaviour is unpredictable

• Behaviour is solely based on free will

What does the diathesis-stress model suggest?

• Mental illness is purely genetic

• Mental illness is a myth

• Mental illness is purely environmental

• Mental illness results from genetic vulnerability and environmental stress

What is cultural relativism?

• Understanding behaviour in its cultural context

• Promoting cultural superiority

• Judging other cultures by one's own standards

• Assuming all cultures are the same

What is the focus of the idiographic approach?

• Using only quantitative methods

• Establishing general laws of behaviour

• Ignoring subjective experiences

• Focusing on individual uniqueness

What is the principle of parsimony in reductionism?

• Focusing on cultural factors

• Ignoring biological factors

• Preferring the simplest explanation

• Preferring the most complex explanation

What does beta bias in cultural studies refer to?

• Focusing on cultural superiority

• Promoting cultural diversity

• Minimising or ignoring cultural differences

• Exaggerating cultural differences

What is the nature-nurture debate about?

• Whether behaviour is innate or learned

• Whether behaviour is random

• Whether behaviour is predictable

• Whether behaviour is culturally determined