Final Review

The major categories and characteristics of freshwater ecosystems are:

• Lakes and ponds (standing water, limited plant diversity), rivers and streams (flowing water, high oxygen levels), wetlands (saturated soil, high biodiversity), and estuaries (mix of fresh and salt water, variable salinity).

• Oceans and seas (saltwater, high salinity), coral reefs (marine biodiversity), and deserts (arid, low water availability).

• Mountains (high elevation, cold climate), grasslands (moderate rainfall, few trees), and tundra (permafrost, low biodiversity).

• Rainforests (high rainfall, dense vegetation), savannas (scattered trees, seasonal rainfall), and chaparral (shrubland, dry summers).

Estuaries play which of the following vital roles on Earth?

• They filter pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.

• They increase desertification.

• They reduce biodiversity.

• They cause ocean acidification.

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Abiotic factors affect life in aquatic ecosystems by:

• Providing food sources for aquatic organisms

• Regulating temperature, light, and chemical composition of water

• Increasing the number of predators

• Decreasing the amount of water available

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What is the optimal dissolved oxygen level for fish?

• The optimal dissolved oxygen level for most fish is between 5-7 mg/L (milligrams per liter).

• The optimal dissolved oxygen level for most fish is below 2 mg/L (milligrams per liter).

• The optimal dissolved oxygen level for most fish is above 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter).

• The optimal dissolved oxygen level for most fish is between 1-3 mg/L (milligrams per liter).

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What happens during an algal bloom and what are its consequences on aquatic life?

• Algae multiply rapidly, depleting oxygen and harming aquatic life.

• Algae decrease, increasing oxygen and benefiting aquatic life.

• Algae remain constant, having no effect on aquatic life.

• Algae multiply slowly, improving water quality.

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Identify and describe the three main types of freshwater ecosystems.

• Lakes and Ponds: Standing bodies of freshwater. Rivers and Streams: Flowing bodies of freshwater. Freshwater Wetlands: Areas where water covers the soil or is present at or near the surface.

• Oceans: Large saltwater bodies. Estuaries: Where freshwater meets saltwater. Coral Reefs: Marine ecosystems with diverse species.

• Deserts: Dry areas with little water. Tundra: Cold, treeless regions. Grasslands: Areas dominated by grasses.

• Mangroves: Coastal wetlands. Salt Marshes: Coastal grasslands flooded by seawater. Deep Sea Vents: Hydrothermal vent communities.

Which of the following lists both abiotic and biotic factors of a freshwater pond ecosystem?

• Sunlight, water temperature, fish, algae

• Rocks, soil, wind, sunlight

• Fish, algae, insects, birds

• Water, sunlight, rocks, soil

Which chart best compares and contrasts the Intertidal Zone, Coastal Ocean, and Open Ocean?

• A chart showing similarities and differences in depth, light, and biodiversity among the three zones.

• A chart listing only the names of the three ocean zones.

• A chart comparing only the temperature of the three zones.

• A chart showing only the location of the Intertidal Zone.

Estuaries are important because they:

• provide habitat for many species and help filter pollutants from water.

• are only found in deserts and have little ecological value.

• are areas where only saltwater fish can survive.

• do not support any plant life.

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Ecosystem: _________. (Fill in the blank with the correct definition.)

• A community of living organisms and their environment.

• A single organism living in isolation.

• A group of rocks and minerals.

• A weather pattern in a specific region.