Quizs Ch 22 Notes Part II Lines of Evidence for Evolution

Homologies

• Traits shared due to common ancestry, either biochemical or anatomical.

• Traits that are similar due to environmental adaptation.

• Traits that are identical in function but different in structure.

• Traits that arise from convergent evolution.

Darwin's Observation in regards to Biogeography

• Darwin observed that species in temperate regions of South America resembled those in Europe.

• Darwin noted that plants and animals in temperate regions of South America closely resembled species in South American tropics.

• Darwin found that species in the tropics of Africa were similar to those in Europe.

• Darwin discovered that species in temperate regions of North America were identical to those in South America.

What line of evidence does this image support?

• Biogeography (Illustrates how species evolve and disperse in different geographic regions.)

• Fossil Records (Shows the history of life through preserved remains.)

• Genetic Variation (Demonstrates the differences in DNA among individuals.)

• Natural Selection (Explains how certain traits become more common in a population.)

Are the wings of an insect and the wings of a bird an example of analogous or homologous trait? And what does this suggest about their evolutionary history?

• They are homologous traits, suggesting a recent common ancestor.

• They are analogous traits, suggesting they do not share a recent common ancestor.

• They are homologous traits, suggesting they share a distant common ancestor.

• They are analogous traits, suggesting they share a recent common ancestor.

Gaps in the fossil record.

• Gaps occur due to special circumstances needed for fossil formation, preservation of only hard parts, and damage leaving fragments.

• Gaps are primarily caused by the abundance of soft-bodied organisms that do not fossilize well.

• Gaps are a result of geological processes that completely erase fossil evidence over time.

• Gaps are created when fossils are discovered in areas that are not scientifically studied.

Niche

• The role an organism plays in its ecosystem, including its interactions with other organisms.

• The particular area within a habitat occupied by an organism, including what it eats, does, and where it lives.

• The total number of species in a given area.

• The physical environment where an organism is found, excluding its interactions with other species.

Need to be careful when looking at physical similarities between species.

• Physical similarities indicate a recent common ancestor.

• Physical similarities do not necessarily indicate a recent common ancestor, as they could be analogous traits.

• All physical traits are inherited from a common ancestor.

• Physical similarities are always a result of convergent evolution.

Map showing the separation of landmasses over time, What line of evidence does this image support?

• Biogeography (The map shows the separation of South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Antarctica, and Australia over millions of years, leading to species divergence.)

• Plate Tectonics (The image illustrates the movement of tectonic plates.)

• Climate Change (The map indicates changes in climate over geological time.)

• Evolutionary Biology (The separation of landmasses is unrelated to species evolution.)

Progressive changes in fossils based on sedimentary rock order.

• Fossils show a progression from few to many of a species and from simple to complex organisms.

• Fossils are randomly distributed in sedimentary rocks without any order.

• Fossils only represent the most complex organisms found in sedimentary rocks.

• Fossils indicate that all species appeared at the same time in geological history.

Need for Many Lines of Evidence for Evolution

• One line of evidence is sufficient to support a theory.

• All evidence must work together to support a theory.

• Evidence can be ignored if it contradicts a theory.

• Theories do not require any evidence to be valid.