7C The second line of defence

Which two words can be used to describe the second line of defence?

• Innate, non-specific

• Innate, specific

• Adaptive, non-specific

• Adaptive, specific

Phagocytes are cells that consume and destroy foreign or dead material through the process of:

• phagocytosis

• exocytosis

• fermentation

• photosynthesis

Which of the following types of cell is not classified as a phagocyte?

• Neutrophil

• Macrophage

• Dendritic cell

• Eosinophill

Antigen-presenting cells not only perform phagocytosis, but also display ​ (a)   on the ​ (b)   markes on their surface.

• antigens
• MHC Class II
• MHC Class I
• antibodies

Which of the following types of cell is not classified as an antigen-presenting cell?

• Neutrophil

• Macrophage

• Dendritic cell

• B cell

Match the following cells and components of the immune system to the correct description.

• Mast cells

• Large, granulated cells that target abnormal or virally infected cells

• Natural killer cells

• Release toxic chemicals to destroy large pathogens that are too big to be phagocytosed

• Cytokines

• Signalling molecules that enable communication between cells of the immune system

• Eosinophils

• Release histamine as part of the inflammatory response

Interferons are released by ​​ (a)   and signal to nearby cells to make them ​ (b)   susceptible to viral infection.

• virus-infected cells
• less
• phagocytes
• more

Match the following outcomes of the action of complement proteins to their correct description.

• Opsonisation

• Complement proteins form membrane attack complexes which destroy the pathogen by lysis

• Chemotaxis

• Complement proteins gather near a pathogen and attract phagocytes to it

• Lysis

• Complement proteins stick to the outside of pathogens, making them easier to recognise as foreign

A fever occurs when the set temperature point of the body is ​ (a)   , which helps the body as many pathogens are inhibited or even die at ​ (b)   temperatures.

• increased
• higher
• decreased
• lower

Place the following steps of the inflammatory response in the correct order.

• Vasodilation

• Migration

• Initiation